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• Cortex-A7 instruction cycle timings

  15 mai 2014, par Mans — ARM

  The Cortex-A7 ARM core is a popular choice in low-power and low-cost designs. Unfortunately, the public TRM does not include instruction timing information. It does reveal that execution is in-order which makes measuring the throughput and latency for individual instructions relatively straight-forward.

  The table below lists the measured issue cycles (inverse throughput) and result latency of some commonly used instructions.

  It should be noted that in some cases, the perceived latency depends on the instruction consuming the result. Most of the values were measured with the result used as input to the same instruction. For instructions with multiple outputs, the latencies of the result registers may also differ.

  Finally, although instruction issue is in-order, completion is out of order, allowing independent instructions to issue and complete unimpeded while a multi-cycle instruction is executing in another unit. For example, a 3-cycle MUL instruction does not block ADD instructions following it in program order.

  ALU instructions	Issue cycles	Result latency
  MOV Rd, Rm	1/2	1
  ADD Rd, Rn, #imm	1/2	1
  ADD Rd, Rn, Rm	1	1
  ADD Rd, Rn, Rm, LSL #imm	1	1
  ADD Rd, Rn, Rm, LSL Rs	1	1
  LSL Rd, Rn, #imm	1	2
  LSL Rd, Rn, Rs	1	2
  QADD Rd, Rn, Rm	1	2
  QADD8 Rd, Rn, Rm	1	2
  QADD16 Rd, Rn, Rm	1	2
  CLZ Rd, Rm	1	1
  RBIT Rd, Rm	1	2
  REV Rd, Rm	1	2
  SBFX Rd, Rn	1	2
  BFC Rd, #lsb, #width	1	2
  BFI Rd, Rn, #lsb, #width	1	2
  NOTE : Shifted operands and shift amounts needed one cycle early.
  Multiply instructions	Issue cycles	Result latency
  MUL Rd, Rn, Rm	1	3
  MLA Rd, Rn, Rm, Ra	1	31
  SMULL Rd, RdHi, Rn, Rm	1	3
  SMLAL Rd, RdHi, Rn, Rm	1	31
  SMMUL Rd, Rn, Rm	1	3
  SMMLA Rd, Rn, Rm, Ra	1	31
  SMULBB Rd, Rn, Rm	1	3
  SMLABB Rd, Rn, Rm, Ra	1	31
  SMULWB Rd, Rn, Rm	1	3
  SMLAWB Rd, Rn, Rm, Ra	1	31
  SMUAD Rd, Rn, Rm	1	3
  1 Accumulator forwarding allows back to back MLA instructions without delay.
  Divide instructions	Issue cycles	Result latency
  SDIV Rd, Rn, Rm	4-20	6-22
  UDIV Rd, Rn, Rm	3-19	5-21
  Load/store instructions	Issue cycles	Result latency
  LDR Rt, [Rn]	1	3
  LDR Rt, [Rn, #imm]	1	3
  LDR Rt, [Rn, Rm]	1	3
  LDR Rt, [Rn, Rm, lsl #imm]	1	3
  LDRD Rt, Rt2, [Rn]	1	3-4
  LDM Rn, regs	1-8	3-10
  STR Rt, [Rn]	1	2
  STRD Rt, Rt2, [Rn]	1	2
  STM Rn, regs	1-10	2-12
  NOTE : Load results are forwarded to dependent stores without delay.
  VFP instructions	Issue cycles	Result latency
  VMOV.F32 Sd, Sm	1	4
  VMOV.F64 Dd, Dm	1	4
  VNEG.F32 Sd, Sm	1	4
  VNEG.F64 Dd, Dm	1	4
  VABS.F32 Sd, Sm	1	4
  VABS.F64 Dd, Dm	1	4
  VADD.F32 Sd, Sn, Sm	1	4
  VADD.F64 Dd, Dn, Dm	1	4
  VMUL.F32 Sd, Sn, Sm	1	4
  VMUL.F64 Dd, Dn, Dm	4	7
  VMLA.F32 Sd, Sn, Sm	1	81
  VMLA.F64 Dd, Dn, Dm	4	112
  VFMA.F32 Sd, Sn, Sm	1	81
  VFMA.F64 Dd, Dn, Dm	5	82
  VDIV.F32 Sd, Sn, Sm	15	18
  VDIV.F64 Dd, Dn, Dm	29	32
  VSQRT.F32 Sd, Sm	14	17
  VSQRT.F64 Dd, Dm	28	31
  VCVT.F32.F64 Sd, Dm	1	4
  VCVT.F64.F32 Dd, Sm	1	4
  VCVT.F32.S32 Sd, Sm	1	4
  VCVT.F64.S32 Dd, Sm	1	4
  VCVT.S32.F32 Sd, Sm	1	4
  VCVT.S32.F64 Sd, Dm	1	4
  VCVT.F32.S32 Sd, Sd, #fbits	1	4
  VCVT.F64.S32 Dd, Dd, #fbits	1	4
  VCVT.S32.F32 Sd, Sd, #fbits	1	4
  VCVT.S32.F64 Dd, Dd, #fbits	1	4
  1 5 cycles with dependency only on accumulator. 2 8 cycles with dependency only on accumulator.
  NEON integer instructions	Issue cycles	Result latency
  VADD.I8 Dd, Dn, Dm	1	4
  VADDL.S8 Qd, Dn, Dm	2	4
  VADD.I8 Qd, Qn, Qm	2	4
  VMUL.I8 Dd, Dn, Dm	2	4
  VMULL.S8 Qd, Dn, Dm	2	4
  VMUL.I8 Qd, Qn, Qm	4	4
  VMLA.I8 Dd, Dn, Dm	2	4
  VMLAL.S8 Qd, Dn, Dm	2	4
  VMLA.I8 Qd, Qn, Qm	4	4
  VADD.I16 Dd, Dn, Dm	1	4
  VADDL.S16 Qd, Dn, Dm	2	4
  VADD.I16 Qd, Qn, Qm	2	4
  VMUL.I16 Dd, Dn, Dm	1	4
  VMULL.S16 Qd, Dn, Dm	2	4
  VMUL.I16 Qd, Qn, Qm	2	4
  VMLA.I16 Dd, Dn, Dm	1	4
  VMLAL.S16 Qd, Dn, Dm	2	4
  VMLA.I16 Qd, Qn, Qm	2	4
  VADD.I32 Dd, Dn, Dm	1	4
  VADDL.S32 Qd, Dn, Dm	2	4
  VADD.I32 Qd, Qn, Qm	2	4
  VMUL.I32 Dd, Dn, Dm	2	4
  VMULL.S32 Qd, Dn, Dm	2	4
  VMUL.I32 Qd, Qn, Qm	4	4
  VMLA.I32 Dd, Dn, Dm	2	4
  VMLAL.S32 Qd, Dn, Dm	2	4
  VMLA.I32 Qd, Qn, Qm	4	4
  NEON floating-point instructions	Issue cycles	Result latency
  VADD.F32 Dd, Dn, Dm	2	4
  VADD.F32 Qd, Qn, Qm	4	4
  VMUL.F32 Dd, Dn, Dm	2	4
  VMUL.F32 Qd, Qn, Qm	4	4
  VMLA.F32 Dd, Dn, Dm	2	81
  VMLA.F32 Qd, Qn, Qm	4	81
  1 5 cycles with dependency only on accumulator.
  NEON permute instructions	Issue cycles	Result latency
  VEXT.n Dd, Dn, Dm, #imm	1	4
  VEXT.n Qd, Qn, Qm, #imm	2	5
  VTRN.n Dd, Dn, Dm	2	5
  VTRN.n Qd, Qn, Qm	4	5
  VUZP.n Dd, Dn, Dm	2	5
  VUZP.n Qd, Qn, Qm	4	6
  VZIP.n Dd, Dn, Dm	2	5
  VZIP.n Qd, Qn, Qm	4	6
  VTBL.8 Dd, Dn, Dm	1	4
  VTBL.8 Dd, Dn-Dn+1, Dm	1	4
  VTBL.8 Dd, Dn-Dn+2, Dm	2	5
  VTBL.8 Dd, Dn-Dn+3, Dm	2	5

• record desktop save every 30 minutes

  31 mars 2014, par Maged E William

  here is my question that related to the same problem :

  better way to record desktop via ffmpeg

  I have this command : ffmpeg -f dshow -i video="screen-capture-recorder" -r 30 -t 10 E:\test01.flv

  And i am happy with it, but i wonder if i can make it save every 30 minutes so if the power went off i only loses the last 30 minutes.

  I use C# to launch and hide ffmpeg cmd, so i wonder how to make it save to the same test01.flv every 30 minutes ?

• a lot of GREEN Color at YUV420p —> RGB in OpenGL 2.0 Shader on iOS

  25 octobre 2012, par 이형근

  I want to make a movie player for iOS using ffmpeg and OpenGL ES 2.0
  but I have some problem. Output RGB image has a lot of GREEN color.
  This is code and images

  • 480x320 width & height :
  • 512x512 Texture width & height

  I got a YUV420p row data from ffmpeg AVFrame.

      for (int i = 0, nDataLen = 0; i < 3; i++) {
  
          int nShift = (i == 0) ? 0 : 1;
  
          uint8_t *pYUVData = (uint8_t *)_frame->data[i];
  
          for (int j = 0; j < (mHeight >> nShift); j++) {
  
              memcpy(&pData->pOutBuffer[nDataLen], pYUVData, (mWidth >> nShift));
  
              pYUVData += _frame->linesize[i];
  
              nDataLen += (mWidth >> nShift);
  
          }
  
      }

  and prepare texture for Y, U & V channel.

  //: U Texture
  
      if (sampler1Texture) glDeleteTextures(1, &sampler1Texture);
  
  
  
      glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
  
      glGenTextures(1, &sampler1Texture);
  
      glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, sampler1Texture);
  
  
  
      glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
  
      glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
  
      // This is necessary for non-power-of-two textures
  
      glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
  
      glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
  
      glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
  
  
  
      glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 
  
                   0, 
  
                   GL_LUMINANCE, 
  
                   texW / 2, 
  
                   texH / 2, 
  
                   0, 
  
                   GL_LUMINANCE, 
  
                   GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,
  
                   NULL);
  
  
  
      //: V Texture
  
      if (sampler2Texture) glDeleteTextures(1, &sampler2Texture);
  
  
  
      glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE2);
  
      glGenTextures(1, &sampler2Texture);
  
      glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, sampler2Texture);
  
  
  
      glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
  
      glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
  
      // This is necessary for non-power-of-two textures
  
      glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
  
      glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
  
      glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
  
  
  
      glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 
  
                   0, 
  
                   GL_LUMINANCE, 
  
                   texW / 2, 
  
                   texH / 2, 
  
                   0, 
  
                   GL_LUMINANCE,
  
                   GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,
  
                   NULL);
  
  
  
      //: Y Texture
  
      if (sampler0Texture) glDeleteTextures(1, &sampler0Texture);
  
  
  
      glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
  
      glGenTextures(1, &sampler0Texture);
  
      glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, sampler0Texture);
  
  
  
      glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
  
      glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
  
      // This is necessary for non-power-of-two textures
  
      glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
  
      glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
  
      glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
  
  
  
      glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 
  
                   0, 
  
                   GL_LUMINANCE, 
  
                   texW, 
  
                   texH, 
  
                   0, 
  
                   GL_LUMINANCE,
  
                   GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 
  
                   NULL);

  Rendering part is below.

  int _idxU = mFrameW * mFrameH;
  
  int _idxV = _idxU + (_idxU / 4);
  
  
  
  // U data
  
  glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
  
  glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, sampler1Texture);
  
  glUniform1i(sampler1Uniform, 1);
  
  
  
  glTexSubImage2D(
  
                  GL_TEXTURE_2D, 
  
                  0, 
  
                  0, 
  
                  0, 
  
                  mFrameW / 2,            // source width
  
                  mFrameH / 2,            // source height
  
                  GL_LUMINANCE,
  
                  GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 
  
                  &_frameData[_idxU]);
  
  
  
  // V data
  
  glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE2);
  
  glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, sampler2Texture);
  
  glUniform1i(sampler2Texture, 2);
  
  
  
  glTexSubImage2D(
  
                  GL_TEXTURE_2D, 
  
                  0, 
  
                  0, 
  
                  0, 
  
                  mFrameW / 2,            // source width
  
                  mFrameH / 2,            // source height
  
                  GL_LUMINANCE,
  
                  GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,
  
                  &_frameData[_idxV]);
  
  
  
  // Y data
  
  glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
  
  glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, sampler0Texture);
  
  glUniform1i(sampler0Uniform, 0);
  
  
  
  glTexSubImage2D(
  
                  GL_TEXTURE_2D, 
  
                  0, 
  
                  0, 
  
                  0, 
  
                  mFrameW,            // source width
  
                  mFrameH,            // source height
  
                  GL_LUMINANCE,
  
                  GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,
  
                  _frameData);

  Vertex Shader & Fragment Shader is below.

  attribute vec4 Position;
  
  attribute vec2 TexCoordIn;
  
  
  
  varying vec2 TexCoordOut;
  
  varying vec2 TexCoordOut_UV;
  
  
  
  uniform mat4 Projection;
  
  uniform mat4 Modelview;
  
  
  
  void main()
  
  {
  
      gl_Position = Projection * Modelview * Position;
  
      TexCoordOut = TexCoordIn;
  
  }
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  uniform sampler2D sampler0; // Y Texture Sampler
  
  uniform sampler2D sampler1; // U Texture Sampler
  
  uniform sampler2D sampler2; // V Texture Sampler
  
  
  
  varying highp vec2 TexCoordOut;
  
  
  
  void main()
  
  {
  
      highp float y = texture2D(sampler0, TexCoordOut).r;
  
      highp float u = texture2D(sampler2, TexCoordOut).r - 0.5;
  
      highp float v = texture2D(sampler1, TexCoordOut).r - 0.5;
  
  
  
      //y = 0.0;
  
      //u = 0.0;
  
      //v = 0.0;
  
  
  
      highp float r = y + 1.13983 * v;
  
      highp float g = y - 0.39465 * u - 0.58060 * v;
  
      highp float b = y + 2.03211 * u;
  
  
  
      gl_FragColor = vec4(r, g, b, 1.0);
  
  }

  Y Texture (Grayscale) is correct but U & V has a lot of Green Color.
  So final RGB image (Y+U+V) has a lot of GREEN Color.
  What's the problem ?

  Please help.
  thanks.