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La conservation du net art au musée. Les stratégies à l’œuvre
26 mai 2011
Mis à jour : Juillet 2013
Langue : français
Type : Texte
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Organiser par catégorie
17 mai 2013, parDans MédiaSPIP, une rubrique a 2 noms : catégorie et rubrique.
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Récupération d’informations sur le site maître à l’installation d’une instance
26 novembre 2010, parUtilité
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Le plugin : Podcasts.
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Sur d’autres sites (2560)
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Use ffmpeg to pan right over an image and then pan left to the original location
4 février 2024, par user1517922I'm using this command to pan to the right for 5 seconds on an image (like a 1080x1080 window moving across a larger image, 500px from the top) :


ffmpeg -loop 1 -r 30 -i image.jpg -vf crop=w=1080:h=1080:x=n:y=500 -frames:v 150 -pix_fmt yuv420p -preset fast -crf 30 video.mp4

I'd like to pan back to the left for 5 seconds to end up at the same spot.


The desired affect is when the video is on loop the square window pans right for 5 seconds then back left for 5 seconds then repeats, smooth and without flicker.


I suspect I need to use zoompan, but I haven't had success trying that.


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How to convert multiple jpg images to MP4 format using FFmpeg ?
30 janvier 2024, par PDLAOZEI- 

-
I first used the FFmpeg command line to implement this function.

ffmpeg -framerate 1 -pattern_type glob -i "./image/*.jpg" -c:v libx264 -crf 25 -vf format=yuv420p -movflags +faststart test.mp4

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Then I use FFmpeg's api to convert multiple jpg into MP4 format, the process is probably.








- 

- Find the AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG4 encoder.
- Turn on the encoder.
- Set video stream parameters.
- Open the output file.
- Write file header.
- Allocate image frame rate and buffer.
- Write each jpg image to the video (write in a loop).
7-1. read jpg image.
7-2. Find video stream information.
7-3. Decoded image frame.
7-4. Transcode to yuv420p.
7-5. Encode and write video frames.
- Finally, free memory.


















update the reproducible example


#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <chrono>
#include <thread>

#include <filesystem>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iomanip>
#include <sys></sys>stat.h>

extern "C"
{
#include <libavcodec></libavcodec>avcodec.h>
#include <libavformat></libavformat>avformat.h>
#include <libswscale></libswscale>swscale.h>
#include <libavutil></libavutil>imgutils.h>
}

namespace fs = std::filesystem;

bool compareFilenames(const std::string &str1, const std::string &str2)
{
 //ToDo Sort
}

int main()
{
 
 fs::path folderPath = "" //replace your image foldePath

 std::vector imageFiles;
 for (const auto &entry : fs::directory_iterator(folderPath))
 {
 if (entry.is_regular_file() && entry.path().extension() == ".jpg")
 {
 imageFiles.push_back(entry.path());
 }
 }

 std::sort(imageFiles.begin(), imageFiles.end(), compareFilenames);

 std::string outputVideoFile = "output.mp4";

 AVFormatContext *formatContext = nullptr;
 AVCodecContext *codecContext = nullptr;
 AVStream *videoStream = nullptr;

 av_register_all();
 avformat_alloc_output_context2(&formatContext, nullptr, nullptr, outputVideoFile.c_str());


 AVCodec *codec = avcodec_find_encoder(AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG4);//AV_CODEC_ID_H264
 videoStream = avformat_new_stream(formatContext, codec);
 codecContext = avcodec_alloc_context3(codec);

 codecContext->codec_id = codec->id;
 codecContext->codec_type = AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO;
 codecContext->pix_fmt = AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P;
 codecContext->width = 1920;
 codecContext->height = 1080;
 codecContext->time_base = {1, 2}; 
 codecContext->bit_rate = 100000000;
 codecContext->gop_size = 1;

 avcodec_open2(codecContext, codec, nullptr);
 avcodec_parameters_from_context(videoStream->codecpar, codecContext);

 avio_open(&formatContext->pb, outputVideoFile.c_str(), AVIO_FLAG_WRITE);
 avformat_write_header(formatContext, NULL);

 AVFrame *frame = av_frame_alloc();

 std::vector imageBuffer(codecContext->width * codecContext->height * 3);
 AVPacket packet;

 for (const std::string &imageFile : imageFiles)
 {

 AVFormatContext *inputFormatContext = avformat_alloc_context();
 avformat_open_input(&inputFormatContext, imageFile.c_str(), nullptr, nullptr);

 avformat_find_stream_info(inputFormatContext, nullptr);

 AVCodec *inputCodec = nullptr;
 AVCodecContext *inputCodecContext = nullptr;
 int videoStreamIndex = -1;

 for (unsigned int i = 0; i < inputFormatContext->nb_streams; i++)
 {
 if (inputFormatContext->streams[i]->codecpar->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO)
 {
 videoStreamIndex = i;
 inputCodec = avcodec_find_decoder(inputFormatContext->streams[i]->codecpar->codec_id);
 inputCodecContext = avcodec_alloc_context3(inputCodec);
 avcodec_parameters_to_context(inputCodecContext, inputFormatContext->streams[i]->codecpar);
 avcodec_open2(inputCodecContext, inputCodec, NULL);
 break;
 }
 }

 AVFrame *inputFrame = av_frame_alloc();
 while (av_read_frame(inputFormatContext, &packet) >= 0)
 {
 if (packet.stream_index == videoStreamIndex)
 {
 int response = avcodec_send_packet(inputCodecContext, &packet);

 while (response >= 0)
 {
 response = avcodec_receive_frame(inputCodecContext, inputFrame);
 if (response == AVERROR(EAGAIN) || response == AVERROR_EOF)
 {
 break;
 }
 else if (response < 0)
 {
 std::cerr << "Failed to receive frame from input decoder" << std::endl;
 break;
 }

 AVFrame *yuvFrame = av_frame_alloc();
 av_image_alloc(yuvFrame->data, yuvFrame->linesize, codecContext->width, codecContext->height, codecContext->pix_fmt, 1);

 SwsContext *yuvSwsContext = sws_getContext(inputFrame->width, inputFrame->height, AV_PIX_FMT_RGB24,
 codecContext->width, codecContext->height, codecContext->pix_fmt,
 0, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);

 sws_scale(yuvSwsContext, inputFrame->data, inputFrame->linesize, 0, inputFrame->height,
 yuvFrame->data, yuvFrame->linesize);


 memcpy(imageBuffer.data(), yuvFrame->data[0], codecContext->width * codecContext->height);
 memcpy(imageBuffer.data() + codecContext->width * codecContext->height, yuvFrame->data[1], codecContext->width * codecContext->height / 4);
 memcpy(imageBuffer.data() + codecContext->width * codecContext->height * 5 / 4, yuvFrame->data[2], codecContext->width * codecContext->height / 4);

 frame->data[0] = imageBuffer.data();
 frame->data[1] = frame->data[0] + codecContext->width * codecContext->height;
 frame->data[2] = frame->data[1] + codecContext->width * codecContext->height / 4;
 frame->linesize[0] = codecContext->width;
 frame->linesize[1] = codecContext->width / 2;
 frame->linesize[2] = codecContext->width / 2;
 frame->width = codecContext->width;
 frame->height = codecContext->height;
 frame->format = codecContext->pix_fmt;
 frame->pts = av_rescale_q(videoStream->nb_frames, videoStream->time_base, videoStream->codec->time_base);

 av_init_packet(&packet);
 packet.data = nullptr;
 packet.size = 0;

 avcodec_send_frame(codecContext, frame);

 while (avcodec_receive_packet(codecContext, &packet) >= 0)
 {
 av_packet_rescale_ts(&packet, codecContext->time_base, videoStream->time_base);
 packet.stream_index = videoStream->index;

 av_write_frame(formatContext, &packet);
 av_packet_unref(&packet);
 }

 av_freep(&yuvFrame->data[0]);
 av_freep(&yuvFrame);
 sws_freeContext(yuvSwsContext);
 }
 }

 av_packet_unref(&packet);
 }

 av_frame_free(&inputFrame);
 avcodec_close(inputCodecContext);
 avformat_close_input(&inputFormatContext);
 }

 av_write_trailer(formatContext);

 av_frame_free(&frame);
 avcodec_close(codecContext);
 av_free(codecContext);
 avio_close(formatContext->pb);
 avformat_free_context(formatContext);

 return 0;
}


</iomanip></algorithm></filesystem></thread></chrono></string></vector></iostream>

But the encoding format is mpeg, which cannot be opened in the player included with windows, and the prompt is an unsupported format.


Although the vlc player can be opened and played normally, I need to play it normally on the player that comes with windows, because the output video will be played on the browser.


So I changed AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG4 to AV_CODEC_ID_H264, and the result is that although the file size of the output image is very large, only one picture is displayed during playback. I don't know what the problem is.


I was thinking about writing a new one, but I had no idea how to write a new one.
I would appreciate it if someone could write me an example.


-
-
ffmpeg concat skips frames near end of each subclip
3 janvier 2024, par calvinusesyourcodeSo I have some video files to concat but in the resulting video the last few frames of each subclip are buggy. Imagine in the last 5 frames the first 3 frames are skipped and so at the end of each clip it seems to jitter.


It should be virtually impossible for my input videos to have any differences between them, as they were all recorded on the same iPhone and all converted with the same command :


command = [
 'ffmpeg', '-y',
 '-i', input_path,
 '-vf', 'scale=1080:1920',
 '-r', '30',
 '-c:v', 'libx264',
 output_path
 ]
subprocess.run(command, check=True)


I have tried re-encoding instead of merely copying and adding
-r 30but that doesn't seem to work.

subprocess.run(["ffmpeg", "-y", "-f", "concat", "-safe", "0", "-i", temp_textfile, "-c", "copy", output_path])


subprocess.run(["ffmpeg", "-y", "-f", "concat", "-safe", "0", "-i", temp_textfile, "-r", "30", "-c:v", "libx264", "-c:a", "aac", output_path], check=True)


Somewhere someone said to open in VLC and do a frame-by-frame, reporting that "the frames are actually there, just not visually when watching normally". In my case the frame-by-frame reveals the frames are indeed being skipped.


Full console output :


ffmpeg version 2023-05-18-git-01d9a84ef5-full_build-www.gyan.dev Copyright (c) 2000-2023 the FFmpeg developers
 built with gcc 12.2.0 (Rev10, Built by MSYS2 project)
 configuration: --enable-gpl --enable-version3 --enable-static --disable-w32threads --disable-autodetect --enable-fontconfig --enable-iconv --enable-gnutls --enable-libxml2 --enable-gmp --enable-bzlib --enable-lzma --enable-libsnappy --enable-zlib --enable-librist --enable-libsrt --enable-libssh --enable-libzmq --enable-avisynth --enable-libbluray --enable-libcaca --enable-sdl2 --enable-libaribb24 --enable-libaribcaption --enable-libdav1d --enable-libdavs2 --enable-libuavs3d --enable-libzvbi --enable-librav1e --enable-libsvtav1 --enable-libwebp --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxavs2 --enable-libxvid --enable-libaom --enable-libjxl --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libvpx --enable-mediafoundation --enable-libass --enable-frei0r --enable-libfreetype --enable-libfribidi --enable-liblensfun --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvmaf --enable-libzimg --enable-amf --enable-cuda-llvm --enable-cuvid --enable-ffnvcodec --enable-nvdec --enable-nvenc --enable-d3d11va --enable-dxva2 --enable-libvpl --enable-libshaderc --enable-vulkan --enable-libplacebo --enable-opencl --enable-libcdio --enable-libgme --enable-libmodplug --enable-libopenmpt --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libshine --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvo-amrwbenc --enable-libcodec2 --enable-libilbc --enable-libgsm --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopus --enable-libspeex --enable-libvorbis --enable-ladspa 
--enable-libbs2b --enable-libflite --enable-libmysofa --enable-librubberband --enable-libsoxr --enable-chromaprint
 libavutil 58. 7.100 / 58. 7.100
 libavcodec 60. 14.100 / 60. 14.100
 libavformat 60. 5.100 / 60. 5.100
 libavdevice 60. 2.100 / 60. 2.100
 libavfilter 9. 8.100 / 9. 8.100
 libswscale 7. 2.100 / 7. 2.100
 libswresample 4. 11.100 / 4. 11.100
 libpostproc 57. 2.100 / 57. 2.100
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 000001d60610ebc0] Auto-inserting h264_mp4toannexb bitstream filter
Input #0, concat, from 'run\broll_subclips.txt':
 Duration: N/A, start: -0.023220, bitrate: 3094 kb/s
 Stream #0:0(und): Video: h264 (High 10) (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuv420p10le(tv, bt2020nc/bt2020/arib-std-b67, progressive), 1080x1920, 2968 kb/s, 30 fps, 30 tbr, 15360 tbn
 Metadata:
 handler_name : Core Media Video
 vendor_id : [0][0][0][0]
 encoder : Lavc60.14.100 libx264
 Stream #0:1(und): Audio: aac (LC) (mp4a / 0x6134706D), 44100 Hz, stereo, fltp, 126 kb/s
 Metadata:
 handler_name : Core Media Audio
 vendor_id : [0][0][0][0]
Stream mapping:
 Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (h264 (native) -> h264 (libx264))
 Stream #0:1 -> #0:1 (aac (native) -> aac (native))
Press [q] to stop, [?] for help
[libx264 @ 000001d6066fd380] using cpu capabilities: MMX2 SSE2Fast SSSE3 SSE4.2 AVX 
FMA3 BMI2 AVX2
[libx264 @ 000001d6066fd380] profile High 10, level 4.0, 4:2:0, 10-bit
[libx264 @ 000001d6066fd380] 264 - core 164 r3107 a8b68eb - H.264/MPEG-4 AVC codec - Copyleft 2003-2023 - http://www.videolan.org/x264.html - options: cabac=1 ref=3 deblock=1:0:0 analyse=0x3:0x113 me=hex subme=7 psy=1 psy_rd=1.00:0.00 mixed_ref=1 me_range=16 chroma_me=1 trellis=1 8x8dct=1 cqm=0 deadzone=21,11 fast_pskip=1 chroma_qp_offset=-2 threads=12 lookahead_threads=2 sliced_threads=0 nr=0 decimate=1 interlaced=0 bluray_compat=0 constrained_intra=0 bframes=3 b_pyramid=2 b_adapt=1 b_bias=0 direct=1 weightb=1 open_gop=0 weightp=2 keyint=250 keyint_min=25 scenecut=40 intra_refresh=0 rc_lookahead=40 rc=crf mbtree=1 crf=23.0 qcomp=0.60 qpmin=0 qpmax=81 qpstep=4 ip_ratio=1.40 aq=1:1.00
Output #0, mp4, to 'joined_clips.mp4':
 Metadata:
 encoder : Lavf60.5.100
 Stream #0:0(und): Video: h264 (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuv420p10le(tv, bt2020nc/bt2020/arib-std-b67, progressive), 1080x1920, q=2-31, 30 fps, 15360 tbn
 Metadata:
 handler_name : Core Media Video
 vendor_id : [0][0][0][0]
 encoder : Lavc60.14.100 libx264
 Side data:
 cpb: bitrate max/min/avg: 0/0/0 buffer size: 0 vbv_delay: N/A
 Stream #0:1(und): Audio: aac (LC) (mp4a / 0x6134706D), 44100 Hz, stereo, fltp, 128 kb/s
 Metadata:
 handler_name : Core Media Audio
 vendor_id : [0][0][0][0]
 encoder : Lavc60.14.100 aac
frame= 0 fps=0.0 q=0.0 size= 0kB time=00:00:00.23 bitrate= 1.7kbits/s dup[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 000001d608de8100] Auto-inserting h264_mp4toannexb bitstream filter
frame= 0 fps=0.0 q=0.0 size= 0kB time=00:00:01.97 bitrate= 0.2kbits/s dupframe= 42 fps= 41 q=41.0 size= 256kB time=00:00:01.97 bitrate=1062.7kbits/s du[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 000001d608de8100] Auto-inserting h264_mp4toannexb bitstream filter
frame= 81 fps= 53 q=41.0 size= 768kB time=00:00:04.71 bitrate=1334.8kbits/s du[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 000001d608de8100] Auto-inserting h264_mp4toannexb bitstream filter
frame= 124 fps= 61 q=41.0 size= 1280kB time=00:00:06.10 bitrate=1717.1kbits/s duframe= 178 fps= 69 q=38.0 size= 1536kB time=00:00:07.96 bitrate=1579.9kbits/s du[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 000001d608de8100] Auto-inserting h264_mp4toannexb bitstream filter
frame= 235 fps= 76 q=41.0 size= 2048kB time=00:00:09.84 bitrate=1704.1kbits/s du[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 000001d608de8100] Auto-inserting h264_mp4toannexb bitstream filter
frame= 273 fps= 76 q=41.0 size= 2560kB time=00:00:11.12 bitrate=1885.5kbits/s du[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 000001d608de8100] Auto-inserting h264_mp4toannexb bitstream filter
frame= 309 fps= 75 q=41.0 size= 2816kB time=00:00:12.30 bitrate=1874.5kbits/s duframe= 354 fps= 77 q=41.0 size= 3328kB time=00:00:13.83 bitrate=1969.9kbits/s du[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 000001d608de8100] Auto-inserting h264_mp4toannexb bitstream filter
frame= 411 fps= 80 q=41.0 size= 3840kB time=00:00:15.72 bitrate=2001.1kbits/s du[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 000001d608de8100] Auto-inserting h264_mp4toannexb bitstream filter
frame= 479 fps= 85 q=41.0 size= 4096kB time=00:00:17.99 bitrate=1864.6kbits/s du[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 000001d608de8100] Auto-inserting h264_mp4toannexb bitstream filter
frame= 515 fps= 84 q=41.0 size= 4608kB time=00:00:19.20 bitrate=1965.7kbits/s duframe= 549 fps= 81 q=41.0 size= 4864kB time=00:00:20.31 bitrate=1961.1kbits/s du[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 000001d60c3e8d40] Auto-inserting h264_mp4toannexb bitstream filter
frame= 600 fps= 83 q=41.0 size= 5632kB time=00:00:22.03 bitrate=2093.7kbits/s du[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 000001d60c3e8d40] Auto-inserting h264_mp4toannexb bitstream filter
frame= 648 fps= 83 q=41.0 size= 5888kB time=00:00:23.61 bitrate=2042.5kbits/s du[out#0/mp4 @ 000001d6061163c0] video:6385kB audio:335kB subtitle:0kB other streams:0kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead: 0.377336%
frame= 724 fps= 86 q=-1.0 Lsize= 6746kB time=00:00:24.03 bitrate=2299.4kbits/s dup=6 drop=2 speed=2.86x
[libx264 @ 000001d6066fd380] frame I:12 Avg QP:26.96 size: 87427
[libx264 @ 000001d6066fd380] frame P:191 Avg QP:32.28 size: 15534
[libx264 @ 000001d6066fd380] frame B:521 Avg QP:35.40 size: 4840
[libx264 @ 000001d6066fd380] consecutive B-frames: 2.9% 2.8% 2.1% 92.3%
[libx264 @ 000001d6066fd380] mb I I16..4: 21.0% 56.5% 22.5%
[libx264 @ 000001d6066fd380] mb P I16..4: 1.9% 6.3% 1.0% P16..4: 25.0% 4.5% 2.2% 0.0% 0.0% skip:59.1%
[libx264 @ 000001d6066fd380] mb B I16..4: 0.2% 0.7% 0.1% B16..8: 24.4% 1.8% 0.2% direct: 0.3% skip:72.3% L0:46.0% L1:50.7% BI: 3.3%
[libx264 @ 000001d6066fd380] 8x8 transform intra:64.9% inter:79.1%
[libx264 @ 000001d6066fd380] coded y,uvDC,uvAC intra: 42.4% 26.9% 3.0% inter: 3.7% 0.9% 0.0%
[libx264 @ 000001d6066fd380] i16 v,h,dc,p: 25% 28% 12% 35%
[libx264 @ 000001d6066fd380] i8 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 23% 18% 23% 5% 6% 6% 
 6% 6% 6%
[libx264 @ 000001d6066fd380] i4 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 27% 21% 19% 5% 6% 6% 
 7% 5% 5%
[libx264 @ 000001d6066fd380] i8c dc,h,v,p: 71% 13% 13% 4%
[libx264 @ 000001d6066fd380] Weighted P-Frames: Y:0.0% UV:0.0%
[libx264 @ 000001d6066fd380] ref P L0: 68.7% 17.8% 13.4%
[libx264 @ 000001d6066fd380] ref B L0: 88.4% 9.1% 2.5%
[libx264 @ 000001d6066fd380] ref B L1: 96.9% 3.1%
[libx264 @ 000001d6066fd380] kb/s:2167.24
[aac @ 000001d606184b40] Qavg: 346.828


UPDATE : I am thinking that the way I am converting my files from .mov to .mp4 is the problem. Please suggest the best way to convert from iPhone 4k 60fps .mov files to nice 1080p 30fps .mp4 files. I know I could just use handbrake but I am trying to be a man here xD. Perhaps handbrake has a
View ffmpeg code for conversion.

UPDATE 2 : re-encoding the videos before concat with
-c:v libx264fixes the problem... which seems weird because that is how they were originally encoded...

def join_broll(video_paths, desired_length, clip_length=None, output_path="quick_clips.mp4", preserve_inputs=True):
 subclips = []
 total_duration = 0

 temp_textfile = os.path.join(run_folder, "broll_subclips.txt")
 j = 0
 with open(temp_textfile, "w") as file:
 while True:
 for i, video_path in enumerate(video_paths):

 time_left = desired_length - total_duration
 video_duration = duration_of(video_path)
 subclip_path = f"subclip_{i+j}.mp4"

 if (not clip_length and video_duration < time_left) or (clip_length and clip_length < time_left):

 if clip_length:

 subclips.append(subclip_path)
 subprocess.run(["ffmpeg", "-y", "-i", video_path, "-t", str(clip_length), "-c:v", "libx264", subclip_path]) # added "-c:v libx264"
 total_duration += clip_length
 file.write(f"file '{os.path.join('..', subclip_path)}'\n")

 else:
 
 subclips.append(subclip_path)
 subprocess.run(["ffmpeg", "-y", "-i", video_path, "-c:v", "libx264", subclip_path]) # added "-c:v libx264"
 total_duration += video_duration
 file.write(f"file '{subclip_path}'\n")

 else:

 subclips.append(subclip_path)
 subprocess.run(["ffmpeg", "-y", "-i", video_path, "-t", str(time_left), "-c:v", "libx264", subclip_path]) # added "-c:v libx264"
 total_duration += time_left
 file.write(f"file '{os.path.join('..', subclip_path)}'\n")

 break

 j += 1
 if desired_length - total_duration < 0.1:
 break
 

 subprocess.run(["ffmpeg", "-y", "-f", "concat", "-safe", "0", "-i", temp_textfile, "-c", "copy", output_path])
 # subprocess.run(["ffmpeg", "-y", "-f", "concat", "-safe", "0", "-i", temp_textfile, "-r", "30", "-c:v", "libx264", "-c:a", "aac", output_path], check=True)
 return output_path


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