Recherche avancée
Médias (1)
-
The Slip - Artworks
26 septembre 2011, par
Mis à jour : Septembre 2011
Langue : English
Type : Texte
Autres articles (68)
-
Des sites réalisés avec MediaSPIP
2 mai 2011, parCette page présente quelques-uns des sites fonctionnant sous MediaSPIP.
Vous pouvez bien entendu ajouter le votre grâce au formulaire en bas de page. -
Support audio et vidéo HTML5
10 avril 2011MediaSPIP utilise les balises HTML5 video et audio pour la lecture de documents multimedia en profitant des dernières innovations du W3C supportées par les navigateurs modernes.
Pour les navigateurs plus anciens, le lecteur flash Flowplayer est utilisé.
Le lecteur HTML5 utilisé a été spécifiquement créé pour MediaSPIP : il est complètement modifiable graphiquement pour correspondre à un thème choisi.
Ces technologies permettent de distribuer vidéo et son à la fois sur des ordinateurs conventionnels (...) -
HTML5 audio and video support
13 avril 2011, parMediaSPIP uses HTML5 video and audio tags to play multimedia files, taking advantage of the latest W3C innovations supported by modern browsers.
The MediaSPIP player used has been created specifically for MediaSPIP and can be easily adapted to fit in with a specific theme.
For older browsers the Flowplayer flash fallback is used.
MediaSPIP allows for media playback on major mobile platforms with the above (...)
Sur d’autres sites (6812)
-
(C_UDP Socket Programming) How can I convert binary file to video format ?
30 avril 2024, par user24723398I am practicing UDP socket programming. My code's functions are below.


- 

- Connect Server-Client and send "hello" message each other (it is working).
- Then Server is sending video file to client (problem).






Transfer video file to client is working. But it is written in binary so I can't open the video.


So I try to use ffmpeg to convert the video, but it doesn't work.


Is there something wrong in my code ? How can I transfer a received file to a video file ?


My environment is MacOs.


Server.c (Server Code) :


#include 
#include 
#include 
#include <arpa></arpa>inet.h>
#include 
#include <sys></sys>socket.h>

#define PORT 8888
#define BUF_SIZE 256

int main(){
 int serv_sock;
 char message[BUF_SIZE];
 char buf[BUF_SIZE];
 int str_len;
 socklen_t clnt_adr_sz;

 struct sockaddr_in serv_adr, clnt_adr;
 
 //create socket
 serv_sock=socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
 if(serv_sock == -1){
 perror("socket() error");
 exit(1);
 }
 
 //socket address
 memset(&serv_adr, 0, sizeof(serv_adr));
 serv_adr.sin_family=AF_INET;
 serv_adr.sin_addr.s_addr=htonl(INADDR_ANY);
 serv_adr.sin_port=htons(PORT);
 //binding socket
 if(bind(serv_sock, (struct sockaddr*)&serv_adr, sizeof(serv_adr)) == -1){
 perror("bind() error");
 exit(1);
 }
 
 while(1){
 clnt_adr_sz=sizeof(clnt_adr);
 str_len=recvfrom(serv_sock, message, BUF_SIZE, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&clnt_adr, &clnt_adr_sz);
 if (str_len < 0) {
 perror("recvfrom error");
 exit(1);
 }
 
 char hello_message[] = "hello i am server";
 if (sendto(serv_sock, hello_message, strlen(hello_message), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&clnt_adr, clnt_adr_sz) < 0) {
 perror("sendto error");
 exit(1);
 }
 
 //print message
 message[str_len] = '\0';
 printf("client say: %s\n", message);
 
 char buf[BUF_SIZE];
 ssize_t bytes_read;
 // sending viedo file
 printf("sending video file...\n");
 size_t fsize;
 
 //video file
 FILE *file;
 char *filename = "video.mp4";
 // open video file
 file = fopen(filename, "rb");
 if (file == NULL) {
 perror("File opening failed");
 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 }
 //calculate video file memory
 fseek(file, 0, SEEK_END);
 fsize = ftell(file);
 fseek(file,0,SEEK_SET);
 
 size_t size = htonl(fsize);
 int nsize =0;
 
 while(nsize!=fsize){
 int fpsize = fread(buf,1, BUF_SIZE, file);
 nsize += fpsize;
 if (sendto(serv_sock, &size, sizeof(size), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&clnt_adr, clnt_adr_sz) < 0) {
 perror("sendto");
 exit(EXIT_FAILURE); 
 }
 fclose(file);
 /*
 while ((bytes_read = fread(buf, 1, BUF_SIZE, file)) > 0) {
 if (sendto(serv_sock, buf, bytes_read, 0,
 (struct sockaddr *)&clnt_adr, clnt_adr_sz) < 0) {
 perror("sendto");
 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 } 
 }
 */
 } 
 }
 close(serv_sock);
 return 0;
}


Client.c (Client code)


#include 
#include 
#include 
#include <arpa></arpa>inet.h>
#include 
#include <sys></sys>socket.h>

#define BUFSIZE 256
#define PORT 8888

int main(){
 int sock;
 char message[BUFSIZE];
 int str_len;
 socklen_t adr_sz;

 struct sockaddr_in serv_addr, client_addr; 
 
 sock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
 if(sock == -1){
 printf("socket() error\n");
 exit(1);
 }

 memset(&serv_addr, 0, sizeof(serv_addr));
 serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
 serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
 serv_addr.sin_port = htons(PORT);

 char hello_message[] = "hello i am client";
 sendto(sock, hello_message, strlen(hello_message), 0, (struct sockaddr*)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));
 adr_sz = sizeof(client_addr);
 str_len=recvfrom(sock,message,BUFSIZE,0,(struct sockaddr*)&client_addr,&adr_sz);
 
 message[str_len] = '\0';
 printf("client say: %s\n", message);
 
 /*
 char buf[BUFSIZE];
 ssize_t bytes_received;
 socklen_t serv_len = sizeof(serv_addr);
 while ((bytes_received = recvfrom(sock, buf, BUFSIZE, 0,
 (struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr, &serv_len)) > 0) {
 fwrite(buf, 1, bytes_received, file);
 }
 */
 
 FILE *file = fopen("received_test.mp4", "wb");

 int nbyte = BUFSIZE;
 while(nbyte>= BUFSIZE){
 nbyte = recvfrom(sock, message, BUFSIZE, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&serv_addr, &adr_sz);
 fwrite(message, sizeof(char), nbyte, file);
 }

 if (file == NULL) {
 perror("File opening failed");
 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 }

 fclose(file);
 close(sock);
 printf("File received successfully\n");
 
 return 0;
}


I try to convert the binary file to an
.mp4file using ffmpeg
but it doesn't work :

ffmpeg -i received_test.mp4 output.mp4
ffmpeg version 7.0 Copyright (c) 2000-2024 the FFmpeg developers
 built with Apple clang version 15.0.0 (clang-1500.3.9.4)
 configuration: --prefix=/opt/homebrew/Cellar/ffmpeg/7.0 --enable-shared --enable-pthreads --enable-version3 --cc=clang --host-cflags= --host-ldflags='-Wl,-ld_classic' --enable-ffplay --enable-gnutls --enable-gpl --enable-libaom --enable-libaribb24 --enable-libbluray --enable-libdav1d --enable-libharfbuzz --enable-libjxl --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopus --enable-librav1e --enable-librist --enable-librubberband --enable-libsnappy --enable-libsrt --enable-libssh --enable-libsvtav1 --enable-libtesseract --enable-libtheora --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvmaf --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libwebp --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxml2 --enable-libxvid --enable-lzma --enable-libfontconfig --enable-libfreetype --enable-frei0r --enable-libass --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopenvino --enable-libspeex --enable-libsoxr --enable-libzmq --enable-libzimg --disable-libjack --disable-indev=jack --enable-videotoolbox --enable-audiotoolbox --enable-neon
 libavutil 59. 8.100 / 59. 8.100
 libavcodec 61. 3.100 / 61. 3.100
 libavformat 61. 1.100 / 61. 1.100
 libavdevice 61. 1.100 / 61. 1.100
 libavfilter 10. 1.100 / 10. 1.100
 libswscale 8. 1.100 / 8. 1.100
 libswresample 5. 1.100 / 5. 1.100
 libpostproc 58. 1.100 / 58. 1.100
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0x12a62bdb0] Format mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 detected only with low score of 1, misdetection possible!
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0x12a62bdb0] moov atom not found
[in#0 @ 0x12b0043c0] Error opening input: Invalid data found when processing input
Error opening input file received_test.mp4.
Error opening input files: Invalid data found when processing input


-
lavu/opt : Clarify the scope of AVOptions
24 avril 2024, par Andrew Sayerslavu/opt : Clarify the scope of AVOptions
See discussion on the mailing list :
https://ffmpeg.org/pipermail/ffmpeg-devel/2024-April/326054.htmlSigned-off-by : Michael Niedermayer <michael@niedermayer.cc>
-
What Is Data Ethics & Why Is It Important in Business ?
9 mai 2024, par ErinData is powerful — every business on earth uses data. But some are leveraging it more than others.
The problem ?
Not all businesses are using data ethically.
You need to collect, store, and analyse data to grow your business. But, if you aren’t careful, you could be crossing the line with your data usage into unethical territories.
In a society where data is more valuable than ever, it’s crucial you perform ethical practices.
In this article, we break down what data ethics is, why it’s important in business and how you can implement proper data ethics to ensure you stay compliant while growing your business.
What is data ethics ?
Data ethics are how a business collects, protects and uses data.
It’s one field of ethics focused on organisations’ moral obligation to collect, track, analyse and interpret data correctly.
Data ethics analyses multiple ways we use data :
- Collecting data
- Generating data
- Tracking data
- Analysing data
- Interpreting data
- Implementing activities based on data
Data ethics is a field that asks, “Is this right or wrong ?”
And it also asks, “Can we use data for good ?”
If businesses use data unethically, they could get into serious hot water with their customers and even with the law.
You need to use data to ensure you grow your business to the best of your ability. But, to maintain a clean slate in the eyes of your customers and authorities, you need to ensure you have strong data ethics.
Why you need to follow data ethics principles
In 2018, hackers broke into British Airways’ website by inserting harmful code, leading website visitors to a fraudulent site.
The result ?
British Airways customers gave their information to the hackers without realising it : credit cards, personal information, login information, addresses and more.
While this was a malicious attack, the reality is that data is an integral part of everyday life. Businesses need to do everything they can to protect their customers’ data and use it ethically.
Data ethics is crucial to understand as it sets the standard for what’s right and wrong for businesses. Without a clear grasp of data ethics, companies will willingly or neglectfully misuse data.
With a firm foundation of data ethics, businesses worldwide can make a collective effort to function smoothly, protect their customers, and, of course, protect their own reputation.
3 benefits of leaning into data ethics
We’re currently transitioning to a new world led by artificial intelligence.
While AI presents endless opportunities for innovation in the business world, there are also countless risks at play, and it’s never been more important to develop trust with your customers and stakeholders.
With an influx of data being created and tracked daily, you need to ensure your business is prioritising data ethics to ensure you maintain trust with your customers moving forward.
Here are three benefits of data ethics that will help you develop trust, maintain a solid reputation and stay compliant to continue growing your business :
1. Compliance with data privacy
Privacy is everything.
In a world where our data is being collected nonstop, and we live more public lives than ever with social media, AI and an influx of recording and tracking in everyday life, you need to protect the privacy of your customers.
One crucial way to protect that privacy is by complying with major data privacy regulations.
Some of the most common regulations you need to remain compliant with include :
- General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
- California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA)
- Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
- General Personal Data Protection Law (LGPD)
- Privacy and Electronic Communications (EC Directive) Regulations (PECR)
While these regulations don’t directly address ethics, there’s a core overlap between privacy requirements like accountability, lawfulness and AI ethics.
Matomo ensures you protect the privacy of your web and app users so you can track and improve your website performance with peace of mind.
2. Maintain a good reputation
While data ethics can help you maintain data privacy compliance, it can also help you maintain a good reputation online and offline.
All it takes is one bad event like the British Airways breach for your company’s reputation to be ruined.
If you want to keep a solid reputation and maintain trust with your stakeholders, customers and lawmakers, then you need to focus on developing strong data ethics.
Businesses that invest time in establishing proper data ethics set the right foundation to protect their reputation, develop trust with stakeholders and create goodwill and loyalty.
3. Increased trust means greater revenue
What happens when you establish proper data ethics ?
You’ll gain the trust of your customers, maintain a solid reputation and increase your brand image.
Customers who trust you to protect their privacy and data want to keep doing business with you.
So, what’s the end result for a business that values data ethics ?
You’ll generate more revenue in the long run. Trust is one thing you should never put on the back burner if you have plans to keep growing your business. By leaning more into data ethics, you’ll be able to build that brand reputation that helps people feel comfortable buying your products and services on repeat.
While spending time and money on data ethics may seem like an annoyance, the reality is that it’s a business investment that will pay dividends for years to come.
5 core data ethics principles
So, what exactly is involved in data ethics ?
For most people, data ethics is a pretty broad and vague term. If you’re curious about the core pillars of data ethics, then keep reading.
Here are five core data ethical principles you need to follow to ensure you’re protecting your customers’ data and maintaining trust :
1. Data ownership
The individual owns the data, not you. This is the first principle of data ethics. You don’t have control over someone else’s data. It’s theirs, and they have full ownership over it.
Just as stealing a TV from an electronics store is a crime, stealing (or collecting) someone’s personal data without their consent is considered unlawful and unethical.
Consent is the only way to ethically “own” someone’s data.
How can you collect someone’s data ethically ?
- Digital privacy policies
- Signed, written agreements
- Popups with checkboxes that allow you to track users’ behaviour
Essentially, anytime you’re collecting data from your website or app users, you need to ensure you’re asking permission for that data.
You should never assume a website visitor or customer is okay with you collecting your data automatically. Instead, ask permission to collect, track and use their data to avoid legal and ethical issues.
2. Transparency
The second core principle of data ethics within business is transparency. This means you need to be fully transparent on when, where and how you :
- Collect data
- Store data
- Use data
In other words, you need to allow your customers and website visitors to have a window inside your data activities.
They need to be able to see exactly how you plan on using the data you’re collecting from them.
For example, imagine you implemented a new initiative to personalise the website experience for each user based on individual behaviour. To do this, you’ll need to track cookies. In this case, you’d need to write up a new policy stating how this behavioural data is going to be collected, tracked and used.
It’s within your website visitors’ rights to access this information so they can choose whether or not they want to accept or decline your website’s cookies.
With any new data collection or tracking, you need to be 100% clear about how you’re going to use the data. You can’t be deceptive, misleading, or withholding any information on how you will use the data, as this is unethical and, in many cases, unlawful.
3. Privacy
Another important branch of ethics is privacy. The ethical implications of this should be obvious.
When your users, visitors, or customers enter your sphere of influence and you begin collecting data on them, you are responsible for keeping that data private.
When someone accepts the terms of your data usage, they’re not agreeing to have their data released to the public. They’re agreeing to let you leverage that data as their trusted business provider to better serve them. They expect you to maintain privacy.
You can’t spread private information to third parties. You can’t blast this data to the public.
This is especially important if someone allows you to collect and use their personally identifiable information (PII), such as :
- First and last name
- Email address
- Date of birth
- Home address
- Phone number
To protect your audience’s data, you should only store it in a secure database.
For example, Matomo’s web analytics solution guarantees the privacy of both your users and analytics data.
With Matomo, you have complete ownership of your data. Unlike other web analytics solutions that exploit your data for advertising purposes, Matomo users can use analytics with confidence, knowing that their data won’t be sold to advertisers.
Try Matomo for Free
Get the web insights you need, while respecting user privacy.
4. Intention
When you collect and store data, you need to tell your users why you’re collecting their data. But there’s another principle of data ethics that goes beyond the reason you give your customers.
Intention is the reason you give yourself for collecting and using the data.
Before you start collecting and storing data, you should ask yourself the following :
- Why you need it
- What you’ll gain from it
- What changes you’ll be able to make after you analyse the data
If your intention is wrong in any way, it’s unethical to collect the data :
- You’re collecting data to hurt others
- You’re collecting data to profit from your users’ weaknesses
- You’re collecting data for any other malicious reason
When you collect data, you need to have the right intentions to maintain proper data ethics ; otherwise, you could harm your brand, break trust and ruin your reputation.
5. Outcomes
You may have the best intentions, but sometimes, there are negative outcomes from data use.
For example, British Airways’ intention was not to allow hackers to gain access and harm their users. But the reality is that their customers’ data was stolen and used for malicious purposes. While this isn’t technically unlawful, the outcome of collecting data ended badly.
To ensure proper data ethics, you must have good standing with your data. This means protecting your users at all costs, maintaining a good reputation and ensuring proper privacy measures are set up.
How to implement data ethics as a business leader
As a business leader, CTO or CEO, it’s your responsibility to implement data ethics within your organisation. Here are some tips to implement data ethics based on the size and stage of your organisation :
Startups
If you’re a startup, you need to be mindful of which technology and tools you use to collect, store and use data to help you grow your business.
It can be a real challenge to juggle all the moving parts of a startup since things can change so quickly. However, it’s crucial to establish a leader and allow easy access to ethical analysis resources to maintain proper data ethics early on.
Small and medium-sized businesses
As you begin scaling, you’ll likely be using even more technology. With each new business technique you implement, there will be new ways you’ll be collecting user data.
One of the key processes involved in managing data as you grow is to hire engineers who build out different technologies. You must have protocols, best practices and management overseeing the new technologies being built to ensure proper data ethics.
Global businesses
Have you scaled internationally ?
There will be even more rules, laws, regulations and organisations to answer to if you start managing data unethically.
You should have established teams or departments to ensure you follow proper privacy and data protocols worldwide. When you have a large organisation, you have more money and vast amounts of data. This makes you a bigger target for leaks, ransomware and hackers.
You should ensure you have cross-departmental groups working to establish ongoing protocols and training to keep your data management in good standing.
Leverage data ethically with Matomo
Data is powerful.
It’s a crucial point of leverage that’s required to stay competitive.
However, improper use and management of data can give you a bad reputation, break trust and even cause you legal trouble.
That’s why you must maintain good data ethics within your organisation.
One of the most important places to set up proper data ethics and privacy measures is with your website analytics.
Matomo is the leading, privacy-friendly web analytics solution in the world. It automatically collects, stores, and tracks data across your website ethically.
With over 1 million websites using Matomo, you get to take full control over your website performance with :
- Accurate data (no data sampling)
- Privacy-friendly and GDPR-compliant analytics
- Open-source for transparency and to create a custom solution for you
Try Matomo free for 21-days. No credit card required.
Try Matomo for Free
21 day free trial. No credit card required.
Syndiquer tout le site
