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• Laravel Process() with FFMPEG times out for any video that is even kind of large

  16 août 2024, par Hunter

  I am creating an application that lets users upload video files, and once they do it will convert them all to .mp4's (it does some other things, but since this first part of the code is breaking before it gets a chance to reach the other stuff, and the process for each is pretty similar, lets just discuss this issue).

  



  Once a user submits, it gets sent to GameController@store. Below is a code sample (the one that keeps getting sent back to me as problematic) from the controller :

  



  $process = new Process(env('APP_FFMPEG', 'ffmpeg') . ' -i ' . $fileURL . ' -f mp4 -vcodec libx264 -preset medium -profile:v main -c:a aac -movflags +faststart ' . $newFileName . ' -hide_banner');
              $process->setTimeout(360);
              $process->setIdleTimeout(60);
              $process->run();
              if (!$process->isSuccessful()) {
                throw new ProcessFailedException($process);
              }


  



  I am using the Symfony Process() class to run the FFMpeg conversion. The weird thing is, when I run this with a 1 or 2 second video, it goes without a hitch. This, to me, rules out issues like path problems, permission problems, etc. Multiple file types work with this, as long as they are very short. As soon as I put in a video that is even around 1min, it returns with this :

  



  The process "/usr/local/bin/ffmpeg -i http://localhost/storage/team_1_folder/game_26/team_1_game_26_vid_1.mp4 -f mp4 -vcodec libx264 -preset medium -profile:v main -c:a aac -movflags +faststart storage/team_1_folder/game_26/convertedVideo_1.mp4 -hide_banner" exceeded the timeout of 360 seconds.


  



  Now, notice that it says 'timeout of 360 seconds'. That is because I have also edited ALL of the possible timeout constraints, as well as the file size constraints that I can think of. Here is what I have done :
  

  



  -Changed php.ini (in my MAMP installation) values :
  
—max_execution_time = 300 (default was 30)
  
—memory_limit = 1280M (default was 128)
  
—post_max_size = 800M
  
—upload_max_filesize = 3200M
  
-max_input_time=300
  

  



  -In the GameController (code above)
  
—$process->setTimeout(360) ;
  
—$process->setTimeout(360) ;
  

  



  After all that, with a big file, the thing will just stall for the 6 minutes that I have set on the timeout thing, and then send an error. Is FFmpeg just stalling, or is this a process issue ? Who knows. Errors surrounding these things are just beautifully vague.

  



  I have tagged Laravel, PHP, and FFmpeg in hopes that someone will recognize this issue. I know that Process() is sending me the error, but since it is sending me a timeout, I don't know what is at fault.

  



  I'm not ruling anything out, so hit me with ideas, even crazy ones !

  



  Edit
Here is the output of the -report. I cut some of it off because the end part gets repetitive and goes for literally 1000 lines :

  



  ffmpeg started on 2019-06-24 at 18:50:23
Report written to "ffmpeg-20190624-185023.log"
Command line:
/usr/local/bin/ffmpeg -i http://localhost/storage/team_1_folder/game_31/team_1_game_31_vid_1.mp4 -f mp4 -vcodec libx264 -preset medium -profile:v main -c:a aac -movflags +faststart storage/team_1_folder/game_31/convertedVideo_1.mp4 -report
ffmpeg version 4.1.3 Copyright (c) 2000-2019 the FFmpeg developers
  built with Apple LLVM version 10.0.1 (clang-1001.0.46.4)
  configuration: --prefix=/usr/local/Cellar/ffmpeg/4.1.3_1 --enable-shared --enable-pthreads --enable-version3 --enable-hardcoded-tables --enable-avresample --cc=clang --host-cflags='-I/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/adoptopenjdk-11.0.2.jdk/Contents/Home/include -I/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/adoptopenjdk-11.0.2.jdk/Contents/Home/include/darwin' --host-ldflags= --enable-ffplay --enable-gnutls --enable-gpl --enable-libaom --enable-libbluray --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopus --enable-librubberband --enable-libsnappy --enable-libtesseract --enable-libtheora --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxvid --enable-lzma --enable-libfontconfig --enable-libfreetype --enable-frei0r --enable-libass --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-librtmp --enable-libspeex --enable-videotoolbox --disable-libjack --disable-indev=jack --enable-libaom --enable-libsoxr
  libavutil      56. 22.100 / 56. 22.100
  libavcodec     58. 35.100 / 58. 35.100
  libavformat    58. 20.100 / 58. 20.100
  libavdevice    58.  5.100 / 58.  5.100
  libavfilter     7. 40.101 /  7. 40.101
  libavresample   4.  0.  0 /  4.  0.  0
  libswscale      5.  3.100 /  5.  3.100
  libswresample   3.  3.100 /  3.  3.100
  libpostproc    55.  3.100 / 55.  3.100
Splitting the commandline.
Reading option '-i' ... matched as input url with argument 'http://localhost/storage/team_1_folder/game_31/team_1_game_31_vid_1.mp4'.
Reading option '-f' ... matched as option 'f' (force format) with argument 'mp4'.
Reading option '-vcodec' ... matched as option 'vcodec' (force video codec ('copy' to copy stream)) with argument 'libx264'.
Reading option '-preset' ... matched as AVOption 'preset' with argument 'medium'.
Reading option '-profile:v' ... matched as option 'profile' (set profile) with argument 'main'.
Reading option '-c:a' ... matched as option 'c' (codec name) with argument 'aac'.
Reading option '-movflags' ... matched as AVOption 'movflags' with argument '+faststart'.
Reading option 'storage/team_1_folder/game_31/convertedVideo_1.mp4' ... matched as output url.
Reading option '-report' ... matched as option 'report' (generate a report) with argument '1'.
Finished splitting the commandline.
Parsing a group of options: global .
Applying option report (generate a report) with argument 1.
Successfully parsed a group of options.
Parsing a group of options: input url http://localhost/storage/team_1_folder/game_31/team_1_game_31_vid_1.mp4.
Successfully parsed a group of options.
Opening an input file: http://localhost/storage/team_1_folder/game_31/team_1_game_31_vid_1.mp4.
[NULL @ 0x7f9ad480ae00] Opening 'http://localhost/storage/team_1_folder/game_31/team_1_game_31_vid_1.mp4' for reading
[http @ 0x7f9ad3c6b540] Setting default whitelist 'http,https,tls,rtp,tcp,udp,crypto,httpproxy'
[tcp @ 0x7f9ad3e00400] Original list of addresses:
[tcp @ 0x7f9ad3e00400] Address ::1 port 80
[tcp @ 0x7f9ad3e00400] Address 127.0.0.1 port 80
[tcp @ 0x7f9ad3e00400] Interleaved list of addresses:
[tcp @ 0x7f9ad3e00400] Address ::1 port 80
[tcp @ 0x7f9ad3e00400] Address 127.0.0.1 port 80
[tcp @ 0x7f9ad3e00400] Starting connection attempt to ::1 port 80
[tcp @ 0x7f9ad3e00400] Successfully connected to ::1 port 80
[http @ 0x7f9ad3c6b540] request: GET /storage/team_1_folder/game_31/team_1_game_31_vid_1.mp4 HTTP/1.1
User-Agent: Lavf/58.20.100
Accept: */*
Range: bytes=0-
Connection: close
Host: localhost
Icy-MetaData: 1


[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0x7f9ad480ae00] Format mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 probed with size=2048 and score=100
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0x7f9ad480ae00] ISO: File Type Major Brand: isom
[tcp @ 0x7f9ad3c6b840] Original list of addresses:
[tcp @ 0x7f9ad3c6b840] Address ::1 port 80
[tcp @ 0x7f9ad3c6b840] Address 127.0.0.1 port 80
[tcp @ 0x7f9ad3c6b840] Interleaved list of addresses:
[tcp @ 0x7f9ad3c6b840] Address ::1 port 80
[tcp @ 0x7f9ad3c6b840] Address 127.0.0.1 port 80
[tcp @ 0x7f9ad3c6b840] Starting connection attempt to ::1 port 80
[tcp @ 0x7f9ad3c6b840] Successfully connected to ::1 port 80
[http @ 0x7f9ad3c6b540] request: GET /storage/team_1_folder/game_31/team_1_game_31_vid_1.mp4 HTTP/1.1
User-Agent: Lavf/58.20.100
Accept: */*
Range: bytes=170169585-
Connection: close
Host: localhost
Icy-MetaData: 1


[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0x7f9ad480ae00] Unknown dref type 0x206c7275 size 12
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0x7f9ad480ae00] Processing st: 0, edit list 0 - media time: 0, duration: 10584600
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0x7f9ad480ae00] stts: 0 ctts: 0, ctts_index: 0, ctts_count: 10575
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0x7f9ad480ae00] stts: 1 ctts: 4002, ctts_index: 1, ctts_count: 10575
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0x7f9ad480ae00] stts: 1000 ctts: 0, ctts_index: 2, ctts_count: 10575
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0x7f9ad480ae00] stts: 2001 ctts: 0, ctts_index: 3, ctts_count: 10575
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0x7f9ad480ae00] stts: 3002 ctts: 0, ctts_index: 4, ctts_count: 10575
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0x7f9ad480ae00] stts: 4003 ctts: 4004, ctts_index: 5, ctts_count: 10575
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0x7f9ad480ae00] stts: 5004 ctts: 0, ctts_index: 6, ctts_count: 10575


  



  Edit 2
I also found this towards the bottom :

  



  [mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0x7f9ad480ae00] stts: 10582571 ctts: 0, ctts_index: 10573, ctts_count: 10575
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0x7f9ad480ae00] stts: 10583572 ctts: 1001, ctts_index: 10574, ctts_count: 10575
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0x7f9ad480ae00] Setting codecpar->delay to 1 for stream st: 0
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0x7f9ad480ae00] Unknown dref type 0x206c7275 size 12
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0x7f9ad480ae00] Processing st: 1, edit list 0 - media time: 0, duration: 15563816
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0x7f9ad480ae00] Before avformat_find_stream_info() pos: 170509020 bytes read:372203 seeks:1 nb_streams:2
[h264 @ 0x7f9ad4811200] nal_unit_type: 7(SPS), nal_ref_idc: 3
[h264 @ 0x7f9ad4811200] nal_unit_type: 8(PPS), nal_ref_idc: 3
[tcp @ 0x7f9ad3c72d40] Original list of addresses:
[tcp @ 0x7f9ad3c72d40] Address ::1 port 80
[tcp @ 0x7f9ad3c72d40] Address 127.0.0.1 port 80
[tcp @ 0x7f9ad3c72d40] Interleaved list of addresses:
[tcp @ 0x7f9ad3c72d40] Address ::1 port 80
[tcp @ 0x7f9ad3c72d40] Address 127.0.0.1 port 80
[tcp @ 0x7f9ad3c72d40] Starting connection attempt to ::1 port 80
[tcp @ 0x7f9ad3c72d40] Successfully connected to ::1 port 80
[http @ 0x7f9ad3c6b540] request: GET /storage/team_1_folder/game_31/team_1_game_31_vid_1.mp4 HTTP/1.1
User-Agent: Lavf/58.20.100
Accept: */*
Range: bytes=48-
Connection: close
Host: localhost
Icy-MetaData: 1


[h264 @ 0x7f9ad4811200] nal_unit_type: 5(IDR), nal_ref_idc: 1
[h264 @ 0x7f9ad4811200] Format yuv420p chosen by get_format().
[h264 @ 0x7f9ad4811200] Reinit context to 1920x1088, pix_fmt: yuv420p
[h264 @ 0x7f9ad4811200] no picture 
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0x7f9ad480ae00] All info found
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0x7f9ad480ae00] After avformat_find_stream_info() pos: 308454 bytes read:680609 seeks:2 frames:2
Input #0, mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2, from 'http://localhost/storage/team_1_folder/game_31/team_1_game_31_vid_1.mp4':
  Metadata:
    major_brand     : isom
    minor_version   : 512
    compatible_brands: isomiso2avc1mp41
    encoder         : Lavf56.40.101
  Duration: 00:05:52.92, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 3865 kb/s
    Stream #0:0(und), 1, 1/30000: Video: h264 (High) (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuv420p(tv, bt709), 1920x1080 [SAR 1:1 DAR 16:9], 3730 kb/s, 29.97 fps, 29.97 tbr, 30k tbn, 59.94 tbc (default)
    Metadata:
      handler_name    : VideoHandler
    Stream #0:1(und), 1, 1/44100: Audio: aac (LC) (mp4a / 0x6134706D), 44100 Hz, stereo, fltp, 127 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      handler_name    : SoundHandler
Successfully opened the file.
Parsing a group of options: output url storage/team_1_folder/game_31/convertedVideo_1.mp4.
Applying option f (force format) with argument mp4.
Applying option vcodec (force video codec ('copy' to copy stream)) with argument libx264.
Applying option profile:v (set profile) with argument main.
Applying option c:a (codec name) with argument aac.
Successfully parsed a group of options.
Opening an output file: storage/team_1_folder/game_31/convertedVideo_1.mp4.
[file @ 0x7f9ad3f02740] Setting default whitelist 'file,crypto'
Successfully opened the file.
detected 4 logical cores
[h264 @ 0x7f9ad5813a00] nal_unit_type: 7(SPS), nal_ref_idc: 3
[h264 @ 0x7f9ad5813a00] nal_unit_type: 8(PPS), nal_ref_idc: 3
Stream mapping:
  Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (h264 (native) -> h264 (libx264))
  Stream #0:1 -> #0:1 (aac (native) -> aac (native))
Press [q] to stop, [?] for help
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
[graph_1_in_0_1 @ 0x7f9ad3dbcc00] Setting 'time_base' to value '1/44100'
[graph_1_in_0_1 @ 0x7f9ad3dbcc00] Setting 'sample_rate' to value '44100'
[graph_1_in_0_1 @ 0x7f9ad3dbcc00] Setting 'sample_fmt' to value 'fltp'
[graph_1_in_0_1 @ 0x7f9ad3dbcc00] Setting 'channel_layout' to value '0x3'
[graph_1_in_0_1 @ 0x7f9ad3dbcc00] tb:1/44100 samplefmt:fltp samplerate:44100 chlayout:0x3
[format_out_0_1 @ 0x7f9ad3c71040] Setting 'sample_fmts' to value 'fltp'
[format_out_0_1 @ 0x7f9ad3c71040] Setting 'sample_rates' to value '96000|88200|64000|48000|44100|32000|24000|22050|16000|12000|11025|8000|7350'
[AVFilterGraph @ 0x7f9ad3e00440] query_formats: 4 queried, 9 merged, 0 already done, 0 delayed
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
[h264 @ 0x7f9ad5813a00] nal_unit_type: 5(IDR), nal_ref_idc: 1
[h264 @ 0x7f9ad5813a00] Format yuv420p chosen by get_format().
[h264 @ 0x7f9ad5813a00] Reinit context to 1920x1088, pix_fmt: yuv420p
[h264 @ 0x7f9ad5813a00] no picture 
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
[h264 @ 0x7f9ad5804600] nal_unit_type: 1(Coded slice of a non-IDR picture), nal_ref_idc: 1
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
[h264 @ 0x7f9ad5804c00] nal_unit_type: 1(Coded slice of a non-IDR picture), nal_ref_idc: 0
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
[h264 @ 0x7f9ad5805200] nal_unit_type: 1(Coded slice of a non-IDR picture), nal_ref_idc: 0
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
[h264 @ 0x7f9ad5805800] nal_unit_type: 1(Coded slice of a non-IDR picture), nal_ref_idc: 0
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
[h264 @ 0x7f9ad5813a00] nal_unit_type: 1(Coded slice of a non-IDR picture), nal_ref_idc: 1
[graph 0 input from stream 0:0 @ 0x7f9ad3dbfb80] Setting 'video_size' to value '1920x1080'
[graph 0 input from stream 0:0 @ 0x7f9ad3dbfb80] Setting 'pix_fmt' to value '0'
[graph 0 input from stream 0:0 @ 0x7f9ad3dbfb80] Setting 'time_base' to value '1/30000'
[graph 0 input from stream 0:0 @ 0x7f9ad3dbfb80] Setting 'pixel_aspect' to value '1/1'
[graph 0 input from stream 0:0 @ 0x7f9ad3dbfb80] Setting 'sws_param' to value 'flags=2'
[graph 0 input from stream 0:0 @ 0x7f9ad3dbfb80] Setting 'frame_rate' to value '30000/1001'
[graph 0 input from stream 0:0 @ 0x7f9ad3dbfb80] w:1920 h:1080 pixfmt:yuv420p tb:1/30000 fr:30000/1001 sar:1/1 sws_param:flags=2
[format @ 0x7f9ad3dc0100] Setting 'pix_fmts' to value 'yuv420p|yuvj420p|yuv422p|yuvj422p|yuv444p|yuvj444p|nv12|nv16|nv21|yuv420p10le|yuv422p10le|yuv444p10le|nv20le'
[AVFilterGraph @ 0x7f9ad3c6e880] query_formats: 4 queried, 3 merged, 0 already done, 0 delayed
[libx264 @ 0x7f9ad5811200] using mv_range_thread = 88
[libx264 @ 0x7f9ad5811200] using SAR=1/1
[libx264 @ 0x7f9ad5811200] using cpu capabilities: MMX2 SSE2Fast SSSE3 SSE4.2 AVX FMA3 BMI2 AVX2
[libx264 @ 0x7f9ad5811200] profile Main, level 4.0
[libx264 @ 0x7f9ad5811200] 264 - core 155 r2917 0a84d98 - H.264/MPEG-4 AVC codec - Copyleft 2003-2018 - http://www.videolan.org/x264.html - options: cabac=1 ref=3 deblock=1:0:0 analyse=0x1:0x111 me=hex subme=7 psy=1 psy_rd=1.00:0.00 mixed_ref=1 me_range=16 chroma_me=1 trellis=1 8x8dct=0 cqm=0 deadzone=21,11 fast_pskip=1 chroma_qp_offset=-2 threads=6 lookahead_threads=1 sliced_threads=0 nr=0 decimate=1 interlaced=0 bluray_compat=0 constrained_intra=0 bframes=3 b_pyramid=2 b_adapt=1 b_bias=0 direct=1 weightb=1 open_gop=0 weightp=2 keyint=250 keyint_min=25 scenecut=40 intra_refresh=0 rc_lookahead=40 rc=crf mbtree=1 crf=23.0 qcomp=0.60 qpmin=0 qpmax=69 qpstep=4 ip_ratio=1.40 aq=1:1.00
Output #0, mp4, to 'storage/team_1_folder/game_31/convertedVideo_1.mp4':
  Metadata:
    major_brand     : isom
    minor_version   : 512
    compatible_brands: isomiso2avc1mp41
    encoder         : Lavf58.20.100
    Stream #0:0(und), 0, 1/30000: Video: h264 (libx264) (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuv420p, 1920x1080 [SAR 1:1 DAR 16:9], q=-1--1, 29.97 fps, 30k tbn, 29.97 tbc (default)
    Metadata:
      handler_name    : VideoHandler
      encoder         : Lavc58.35.100 libx264
    Side data:
      cpb: bitrate max/min/avg: 0/0/0 buffer size: 0 vbv_delay: -1
    Stream #0:1(und), 0, 1/44100: Audio: aac (LC) (mp4a / 0x6134706D), 44100 Hz, stereo, fltp, 128 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      handler_name    : SoundHandler
      encoder         : Lavc58.35.100 aac
Clipping frame in rate conversion by 0.000008
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
[h264 @ 0x7f9ad5804600] nal_unit_type: 1(Coded slice of a non-IDR picture), nal_ref_idc: 0
Clipping frame in rate conversion by 0.000999
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
[h264 @ 0x7f9ad5804c00] nal_unit_type: 1(Coded slice of a non-IDR picture), nal_ref_idc: 0
Clipping frame in rate conversion by 0.000999
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
Clipping frame in rate conversion by 0.000999
[h264 @ 0x7f9ad5805200] nal_unit_type: 1(Coded slice of a non-IDR picture), nal_ref_idc: 0
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
Clipping frame in rate conversion by 0.000999
[h264 @ 0x7f9ad5805800] nal_unit_type: 1(Coded slice of a non-IDR picture), nal_ref_idc: 1
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
Clipping frame in rate conversion by 0.000999
[h264 @ 0x7f9ad5813a00] nal_unit_type: 1(Coded slice of a non-IDR picture), nal_ref_idc: 0
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
Clipping frame in rate conversion by 0.000999
[h264 @ 0x7f9ad5804600] nal_unit_type: 1(Coded slice of a non-IDR picture), nal_ref_idc: 0
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
Clipping frame in rate conversion by 0.000999
[h264 @ 0x7f9ad5804c00] nal_unit_type: 1(Coded slice of a non-IDR picture), nal_ref_idc: 0
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
Clipping frame in rate conversion by 0.000999
[h264 @ 0x7f9ad5805200] nal_unit_type: 1(Coded slice of a non-IDR picture), nal_ref_idc: 1
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
Clipping frame in rate conversion by 0.000999
[h264 @ 0x7f9ad5805800] nal_unit_type: 1(Coded slice of a non-IDR picture), nal_ref_idc: 0
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
Clipping frame in rate conversion by 0.000999
[h264 @ 0x7f9ad5813a00] nal_unit_type: 1(Coded slice of a non-IDR picture), nal_ref_idc: 0
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
Clipping frame in rate conversion by 0.000999
[h264 @ 0x7f9ad5804600] nal_unit_type: 1(Coded slice of a non-IDR picture), nal_ref_idc: 0
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
Clipping frame in rate conversion by 0.000999
[h264 @ 0x7f9ad5804c00] nal_unit_type: 1(Coded slice of a non-IDR picture), nal_ref_idc: 1
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
Clipping frame in rate conversion by 0.000999
[h264 @ 0x7f9ad5805200] nal_unit_type: 1(Coded slice of a non-IDR picture), nal_ref_idc: 0
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
Clipping frame in rate conversion by 0.000999
[h264 @ 0x7f9ad5805800] nal_unit_type: 1(Coded slice of a non-IDR picture), nal_ref_idc: 0
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
Clipping frame in rate conversion by 0.000999
[h264 @ 0x7f9ad5813a00] nal_unit_type: 1(Coded slice of a non-IDR picture), nal_ref_idc: 0
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
Clipping frame in rate conversion by 0.000999
[h264 @ 0x7f9ad5804600] nal_unit_type: 1(Coded slice of a non-IDR picture), nal_ref_idc: 1
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
Clipping frame in rate conversion by 0.000999
[h264 @ 0x7f9ad5804c00] nal_unit_type: 1(Coded slice of a non-IDR picture), nal_ref_idc: 0
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
Clipping frame in rate conversion by 0.000999
[h264 @ 0x7f9ad5805200] nal_unit_type: 1(Coded slice of a non-IDR picture), nal_ref_idc: 0
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
Clipping frame in rate conversion by 0.000999


  


• CRO Testing : The 6-Steps for Maximising Conversion Rates

  10 mars 2024, par Erin

  It’s a nightmare every marketing manager faces. Traffic is soaring after you’ve launched new digital marketing campaigns, but conversions have barely moved.

  Sound familiar ?

  The good news is you’re not alone — loads of marketing managers struggle to get potential customers to purchase. The better news is that you can test dozens of strategies to turn around your site’s fortunes. 

  Conversion rate optimisation testing (CRO testing for short) is the name for this kind of experimentation — and it can send conversion rates and revenue soaring.

  In this article, we’ll explain CRO testing and how you can start doing it today using Matomo. 

  What is CRO Testing ? 

  CRO testing is optimising your site’s conversion funnel using a series of experiments designed to improve conversion rates.

  A CRO test can take several forms, but it usually involves changing one or more elements of your landing page. It looks something like this :

  1. You hypothesise what you expect to happen.
  2. You then run an A/B test using a dedicated CRO platform or tool.
  3. This tool will divide your site’s traffic, sending one segment to one variation and the other segment to another.
  4. The CRO tool will measure conversions, track statistical significance, and declare one variation the winner. 

  A CRO tool isn’t the only software you can use to gather data when running tests. There are several other valuable data sources, including :

  • A web analytics platform : to identify issues with your website
  • User surveys : to find out what your target audience thinks about your site
  • Heatmaps : to learn where users focus their attention
  • Session recordings : to discover how visitors browse your site

  Use as many of these features, tools, and methods as you can when brainstorming hypotheses and measuring results. After all, your CRO test is only as good as your data.

  On that note, we need to mention the importance of data accuracy when researching issues with your website and running CRO tests. If you trust a platform like Google Analytics that uses data sampling (where only a subset of data is analysed), then there’s a risk you make business decisions based on inaccurate reports.

  In practice, that could see you overestimate the effectiveness of a landing page, potentially wasting thousands in ad spend on poorly converting pages. 

  That’s why over a million websites rely on Matomo as their web analytics solution—it doesn’t sample data, providing 100% accurate website traffic insights you can trust to make informed decisions.

  Try Matomo for Free

  Get the web insights you need, without compromising data accuracy.

  Start for free

  No credit card required

  Types of CRO Testing 

  There are three core types of CRO tests :

  A/B testing

  A/B testing, or split testing, is when you test two versions of the same page against each other. Usually, the two pages have only one difference, such as a new headline or a different CTA. 

  

  In the test above, for example, we test what happens if we remove one of the affiliate links from a page. We hypothesise that conversions won’t change because these links aren’t effective.

  A/B/n testing

  A/B/n testing is when you test multiple variations of the same element on the same page. 

  Rather than just testing one headline against another, for example, you test multiple different headlines at once.

  

  In the test above in Matomo, we’re testing a website’s original header against a wider and smaller version. It turns out the wider header converts significantly better. 

  Multivariate testing

  In a multivariate CRO test, you test multiple different elements at the same time. That could mean testing combining a different headline, CTA button, and image. 

  Multivariate testing can save time because you test multiple elements at once and find the best combination of elements. But you’ll usually need a lot of traffic to find a statistically significant result.

  Why is CRO testing important ?

  Who doesn’t want more conversions, right ? Improving your conversion rate is the core benefit of running a CRO test, but there are a couple of other reasons you should do it, too :

  

  Improve conversion rates

  How well does your website convert visitors ? The average conversion rate of a typical website is 2.35%, but better-performing websites have significantly higher conversion rates. The top 25% of websites across all industries convert at a rate of 5.31% or higher.

  CRO testing is the best way to improve your site’s conversion rate by tweaking elements of your website and implementing the best results. And because it’s based on data, not your intuition, you’re likely to identify changes that move the needle. 

  Optimise the user experience

  CRO tests are also a great way to improve your site’s user experience. The process of CRO testing forces you to understand how users navigate your website using heatmaps and session recordings and fix the issues they face. 

  You could simplify your form fields to make them easier to fill in, for example, or make your pages easier to navigate. In both cases, your actions will also increase conversion rates.

  Decrease acquisition costs

  Improving your conversion rate using CRO testing will usually mean a decrease in customer acquisition costs and other conversion metrics. 

  After all, if the cost of your PPC ads stays the same but you convert more traffic, then each new customer will cost less to acquire.

  How to do CRO testing in 6 steps 

  Ready to get your hands dirty ? Follow these six steps to set up your first CRO test :

  Have a clear goal

  Don’t jump straight into testing. You need to be clear about what you want to achieve ; otherwise, you risk wasting time on irrelevant experiments. 

  If you’re unsure what to focus on, look back through your web analytics data and other tools like heatmaps, form analytics, and session recordings to get a feel for some of your site’s biggest conversion roadblocks. 

  Maybe there’s a page with a much lower conversion rate, for example — or a form that most users fail to complete. 

  If it’s the former, then your goal could be to increase the conversion rate of this specific landing page by 25%, bringing it in line with your site’s average. 

  

  Make sure your new conversion goal is set up properly in your website analytics platform, too. This will ensure you’re tracking conversions accurately. 

  Set a hypothesis

  Now you’ve got a goal, it’s time to create a hypothesis. Based on your available research, a hypothesis is an assumption you make about your conversion rate optimisation test.

  A heatmap of your poorly converting landing page may show that users aren’t focusing on your CTA button because it’s hidden below the fold. 

  You could hypothesise that by placing the CTA button directly under your headline above the fold, your conversion rate should increase. 

  Whatever your goal, you can use the following template to write a hypothesis :

  If we [make this specific change], then [this specific outcome] will occur because [reason].

  Design your test elements

  Most marketing managers won’t be able to run CRO tests independently. A team of talented experts must create the assets you need for a successful experimentation. This includes designers, copywriters, and web developers. 

  Don’t just have them create one new element at a time. Accelerate the process by having your team create dozens of designs simultaneously. That way, you can run a new CRO test as soon as your current test has finished. 

  Create and launch the test

  It’s time to launch your test. Use a CRO tool to automate building your test and tracking results. 

  With Matomo’s A/B Testing feature, it’s as easy as giving your test a name, writing a hypothesis and description, and uploading the URLs of your page variants.

  

  Matomo handles everything else, giving you a detailed breakdown at the end of the test with the winning variant. 

  Try Matomo for Free

  Get the web insights you need, without compromising data accuracy.

  Start for free

  No credit card required

  Analyse the results

  You can only review the results of your CRO test once it has reached statistical significance — which means the observed outcome isn’t the result of chance.

  In the same way you wouldn’t say a die is unbiased after three rolls, you need thousands of visitors to see your landing pages and take action before deciding which is better. 

  Luckily, most CRO testing platforms, including Matomo, will highlight when a test reaches statistical significance. That means you only need to look at the result to see if your hypothesis is correct. 

  Implement and repeat

  Was your test a success ? Great, you can implement the results and test a new element. 

  Yep, that’s right. There’s no time to rest on your laurels. Continuous CRO testing is necessary to squeeze every conversion possible from your website. Just like fashion trends, website effectiveness changes over time. What works today might not work tomorrow, making ongoing CRO testing beneficial and necessary.

  That’s why it’s a good idea to choose a CRO testing platform like Matomo with no data limits.

  Try Matomo for Free

  Get the web insights you need, without compromising data accuracy.

  Start for free

  No credit card required

  CRO testing examples you can run today 

  There’s no shortage of CRO tests you can run. Here are some experiments to get started with :

  Change your CTA design and copy

  Calls to action (CTAs) are the best elements to optimise during your first CRO test. You can change many things about them ; even the smallest optimisation can have a huge impact. 

  Just take a look at the image below to see how diverse your CTAs could be :

  

  Changing your CTA’s copy is a great place to start, especially if you have generic instructions like “Apply Now.”

  Try a more specific instruction like “Download your free trial” or “Buy now to get 30% off.” Or test benefit-led instructions like “Reduce your ad spend today” or “Take back control of your data.”

  Changing the colour of your CTAs can also yield more conversions. Bright colours are always a good bet. Just make sure your button stands out from the rest of your page. 

  Move the CTA button placement

  The placement of your CTA can be just as important as its copy or colour. If it’s down at the bottom of your page, there’s a good chance most of your visitors will miss it. 

  Try moving it above the fold to see if that makes a difference. Then, test multiple CTA buttons as opposed to just one. 

  Heatmaps and session recordings can identify whether this test is worthwhile. If users rarely focus on your CTA or just don’t scroll far enough to find it, then it’s a good bet you could see an uptick in conversions by moving it. 

  Try different headlines

  Your website’s headlines are another great place to start CRO testing. These are usually the first (and sometimes only) things visitors read, so optimising them as much as possible makes sense. 

  There are entire books written about creating persuasive headlines, but start with one of the following tactics :

  • Include a benefit
    • “Achieve radiant skin—discover the secret !”
  • Add numbers
    • “3 foolproof methods for saving money on your next vacation”
  • Using negative words instead of positive ones
    • “Avoid these 7 mistakes to unlock your potential for personal growth”
  • Shortening or lengthening your headline
    • Shortened : “Crush your fitness goals : Expert tips for success”
    • Lengthened : “Embark on your fitness journey : Learn from experts with proven tips to crush your wellness goals”

  Add more trust signals

  Adding trust signals to your website, such as brand logos, customer reviews, and security badges, can increase your conversion rate.

  We use it at Matomo by adding the logos of well-known clients like the United Nations and Amnesty International underneath our CTAs.

  

  It’s incredibly effective, too. Research by Edelman finds that trust is among the top three most important buying decision factors, above brand likeability.

  Start CRO testing with Matomo

  CRO testing is a data-backed method to improve your site’s conversion rate, making it more user-friendly and decreasing customer acquisition costs. Even a small improvement will be worth the cost of the tools and your time. 

  Fortunately, there’s no need to allocate hundreds of dollars monthly for multiple specialised testing tools. With Matomo, you get a comprehensive platform offering web analytics, user behaviour insights, and CRO testing – all conveniently bundled into one solution. Matomo’s pricing starts from just $19 per month, making it accessible to businesses of all sizes.

  Plus, rest assured knowing that you are GDPR compliant and the data provided is 100% accurate, ethically empowering you to make informed decisions with confidence.

  Take the first step on your CRO testing journey by trying Matomo free for 21 days ; no credit card required.

  Try Matomo for Free

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• What is PII ? Your introduction to personally identifiable information

  15 janvier 2020, par Joselyn Khor — Analytics Tips, Privacy, Security
  Most websites you visit collect information about you via tools like Google Analytics and Matomo – sometimes collecting personally identifiable information (PII).

  When it comes to PII, people are becoming more concerned about data privacy. Identifiable information can be used for illegal purposes like identity theft and fraud. 

  So how can you protect yourself as an innocent internet browser ? In the case of website owners – how do you protect users and your company from falling prey to privacy breaches ?

  

  As one of the most trusted analytics companies, we feel our readers would benefit from being as informed as possible about data privacy issues and PII. Learn what it means, and what you can do to keep yours or others’ information safe.

  Table of Contents

  What does PII stand for ?

  PII acronym

  PII is an acronym for personally identifiable information.

  PII definition

  Personally identifiable information (PII) is a term used predominantly in the United States.

  The appendix of OMB M-10-23 (Guidance for Agency Use of Third-Party Website and Applications) gives this definition for PII :

  “The term ‘personally identifiable information’ refers to information which can be used to distinguish or trace an individual’s identity, such as their name, social security number, biometric records, etc. alone, or when combined with other personal or identifying information which is linked or linkable to a specific individual, such as date and place of birth, mother’s maiden name, etc.”

  What can be considered personally identifiable information (PII) ? Some PII examples :

  • Full name/usernames
  • Home address/mailing address
  • Email address
  • Credit card numbers
  • Date of birth
  • Phone numbers
  • Login details

  • Precise locations
  • Account numbers
  • Passwords
  • Security codes (including biometric records)
  • Personal identification numbers
  • Driver license number
  • Get a more comprehensive list here

  What’s non-PII ?

  Anonymous information, or information that can’t be traced back to an individual, can be considered non-PII.

  Who is affected by the exploitation of PII ?

  Anyone can be affected by the exploitation of personal data, where you have identity theft, account fraud and account takeovers. When websites resort to illegally selling or sharing your data and compromising your privacy, the fear is falling victim to such fraudulent activity. 

  PII can also be an issue when employees have access to the database and the data is not encrypted. For example, anyone working in a bank can access your accounts ; anyone working at Facebook may be able to read your messages. This shows how privacy breaches can easily happen when employees have access to PII.

  Website owner’s responsibility for data privacy (PII and analytics)

  To respect your website visitor’s privacy, best practice is to avoid collecting PII whenever possible. If you work in an industry which requires people to disclose personal information (e.g. healthcare, security industries, public sector), then you must ensure this data is collected and handled securely. 

  

  The US National Institute of Standards and Technology states : “The likelihood of harm caused by a breach involving PII is greatly reduced if an organisation minimises the amount of PII it uses, collects, and stores. For example, an organisation should only request PII in a new form if the PII is absolutely necessary.” 

  How you’re held accountable remains up to the privacy laws of the country you’re doing business in. Make sure you are fully aware of the privacy and data protection laws that relate specifically to you. 

  To reduce the risk of privacy breaches, try collecting as little PII as you can ; purging it as soon as you can ; and making sure your IT security is updated and protected against security threats. 

  If you’re using data collection tools like web analytics, data may be tracked through features like User ID, custom variables, and custom dimensions. Sometimes they are also harder to identify when they are present, for example, in page URLs, page titles, or referrers URLs. So make sure you’re optimising your web analytics tools’ settings to ensure you’re asking your users for consent and respecting users’ privacy.

  If you’re using a GDPR compliant tool like Matomo, learn how you can stop processing such personal data

  PII, GDPR and businesses in the US/EU

  Because PII is broad, you may run into confusion when considering PII and GDPR (which applies in the EU). The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) provides more safeguards for user privacy.

  GDPR grants people in the EU more rights concerning their “personal data” (more on PII vs personal data below). In the EU the GDPR restricts the collection and processing of personal data. The repercussions are severe penalties and fines for privacy infringements. Businesses are required to handle this personal data carefully. You can be fined up to 4% of their yearly revenue for data breaches or non-compliance. 

  

  Although there isn’t an overarching data protection law in the US, there are hundreds of laws on both the federal and state levels to protect the personal data of US residents. US Congress has also enacted industry-specific statutes related to data privacy, and the state of California passed the California Consumer Privacy Act. 

  To be on the safe side, if you are using analytics, follow matters relating to “personal data” in the GDPR. It’s all-encompassing when it comes to protecting user privacy. GDPR rules still apply whenever an EU citizen visits any non EU site (that processes personal data).

  Personally identifiable information (PII) vs personal data

  PII and “personal data” aren’t used interchangeably. All personal data can be PII, but not all PII can be defined as personal data.

  The definition of “personal data” according to the GDPR :

  

  This means “personal data” encompasses a greater number of identifiers which include the online sphere. Examples include : IP addresses and URL names. As well as seemingly “innocent” data like height, job position, company etc. 

  What’s considered personal data depends on the context. If a piece of information can be combined with others to establish someone’s identity then that can be considered personal data. 

  Under GDPR, when processing personal data, you need explicit consent. You need to ensure you’re compliant according to GDPR definitions of “personal data” not just what’s considered “PII”.

  How Matomo deals with PII and personal data

  Although Matomo Analytics is a web analytics software that tracks user activity on your website, we take privacy and PII very seriously – on both our Cloud and On-Premise offerings. 

  If you’re using Matomo and would like to know how you can be fully GDPR compliant and protect user privacy, read more :
  

  • Learn how to not process any personally identifiable information – Anonymise IP addresses, user IDs, and order IDs
  • Matomo protects user privacy by talking the talk and walking the walk
  • Stay ahead of the GDPR with a privacy-respecting analytics platform
  • 11 ways Matomo helps you protect your visitor’s privacy

  Disclaimer

  We are not lawyers and don’t claim to be. The information provided here is to help give an introduction to issues you may encounter when dealing with PII. We encourage every business and website to take data privacy seriously and discuss these issues with your lawyer if you have any concerns. 

  Additional resources :

  • https://www.consumeraffairs.com/finance/identity-theft-statistics.html#identity-theft-trends-in-2019
  • https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/law-topic/data-protection_en
  • https://iclg.com/practice-areas/data-protection-laws-and-regulations/usa
  • https://www.csoonline.com/article/3215864/how-to-protect-personally-identifiable-information-pii-under-gdpr.html
  • https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-data-protection/guide-to-the-general-data-protection-regulation-gdpr/key-definitions/what-is-personal-data/