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• Privacy in Business : What Is It and Why Is It Important ?

  13 juillet 2022, par Erin — Privacy

  Privacy concerns loom large among consumers. Yet, businesses remain reluctant to change the old ways of doing things until they become an operational nuisance. 

  More and more businesses are slowly starting to feel the pressure to incorporate privacy best practices. But what exactly does privacy mean in business ? And why is it important for businesses to protect users’ privacy ? 

  In this blog, we’ll answer all of these questions and more. 

  What is Privacy in Business ?

  In the corporate world, privacy stands for the business decision to use collected consumer data in a safe, secure and compliant way. 

  Companies with a privacy-centred culture : 

  • Get explicit user consent to tracking, opt-ins and data sharing 
  • Collect strictly necessary data in compliance with regulations 
  • Ask for permissions to collect, process and store sensitive data 
  • Provide transparent explanations about data operationalisation and usage 
  • Have mechanisms for data collection opt-outs and data removal requests 
  • Implement security controls for storing collected data and limit access permissions to it 

  In other words : They treat consumers’ data with utmost integrity and security – and provide reassurances of ethical data usage. 

  What Are the Ethical Business Issues Related to Privacy ?

  Consumer data analytics has been around for decades. But digital technologies – ubiquitous connectivity, social media networks, data science and machine learning – increased the magnitude and sophistication of customer profiling.

  Big Tech companies like Google and Facebook, among others, capture millions of data points about users. These include general demographics data like “age” or “gender”, as well as more granular insights such as “income”, “past browsing history” or “recently visited geo-locations”. 

  When combined, such personally identifiable information (PII) can be used to approximate the user’s exact address, frequently purchased goods, political beliefs or past medical conditions. Then such information is shared with third parties such as advertisers. 

  That’s when ethical issues arise. 

  The Cambridge Analytica data scandal is a prime example of consumer data that was unethically exploited. 

  Over the years, Google also faced a series of regulatory issues surrounding consumer privacy breaches :

  • In 2021, a Google Chrome browser update put some 2.6 billion users at risk of “surveillance, manipulation and abuse” by providing third parties with data on device usage. 
  • The same year, Google was taken to court for failing to provide full disclosures on tracking performed in Google Chrome incognito mode. A $5 billion lawsuit is still pending.
  • As of 2022, Google Analytics 4 is considered GDPR non-compliant and was branded “illegal” by several European countries. 

  If you are curious, learn more about Google Analytics privacy issues. 

  The bigger issue ? Big Tech companies make the businesses that use their technologies (unknowingly) complicit in consumer data violations.

  In 2022, the Belgian data regulator found the official IAB Europe framework for user consent gathering in breach of GDPR. The framework was used by all major AdTech platforms to issue pop-ups for user consent to tracking. Now ad platforms must delete all data gathered through these. Biggest advertisers such as Procter & Gamble, Unilever, IBM and Mastercard among others, also received a notice about data removal and a regulatory warning on further repercussions if they fail to comply. 

  Big Tech firms have given brands unprecedented access to granular consumer data. Unrestricted access, however, also opened the door to data abuse and unethical use. 

  Examples of Unethical Data Usage by Businesses 

  • Data hoarding means excessively harvesting all available consumer data because a possibility to do so exists, often using murky consent mechanisms. Yet, 85% of collected Big Data is either dark or redundant, obsolete or trivial (ROT).
  • Invasive personalisation based on sensitive user information (or second-guesses), like a recent US marketing campaign, congratulating women on pregnancy (even if they weren’t expecting). Overall, 75% of consumers find most forms of personalisation somewhat creepy. 22% also said they’d leave for another brand due to creepy experiences.
  • Hyper-targeted advertising campaigns based on data consumers would prefer not to share. A recent investigation found that advertising platforms often assign sensitive labels to users (as part of their ad profiles), indicative of their religion, mental issues, history with abuse and so on. This allows advertisers to target such consumers with dubious ads. 

  Ultimately, excessive data collection, paired with poor data protection in business settings, results in major data breaches and costly damage control. Given that cyber attacks are on the rise, every business is vulnerable. 

  Why Should a Business Be Concerned About Protecting the Privacy of Its Customers ?

  Businesses must prioritise customer privacy because that’s what is expected of them. Globally, 89% of consumers say they care about their privacy. 

  As frequent stories about unethical data usage, excessive tracking and data breaches surface online, even more grow more concerned about protecting their data. Many publicly urge companies to take action. Others curtail their relationships with brands privately. 

  

  On average, 45% of consumers feel uncomfortable about sharing personal data. According to KPMG, 78% of American consumers have fears about the amount of data being collected. 40% of them also don’t trust companies to use their data ethically. Among Europeans, 41% are unwilling to share any personal data with businesses. 

  Because the demand for online privacy is rising, progressive companies now treat privacy as a competitive advantage. 

  For example, the encrypted messaging app Signal gained over 42 million active users in a year because it offers better data security and privacy protection. 

  ProtonMail, a privacy-centred email client, also amassed a 50 million user base in several years thanks to a “fundamentally stronger definition of privacy”.

  The growth of privacy-mindful businesses speaks volumes. And even more good things happen to privacy-mindful businesses : 

  • Higher consumer trust and loyalty 
  • Improved attractiveness to investors
  • Less complex compliance
  • Minimum cybersecurity exposure 
  • Better agility and innovation

  It’s time to start pursuing them ! Learn how to embed privacy and security into your operations.

• FFMPEG Concat DNxHD-Files : wrong duration of output-file

  4 mai 2020, par Thomas

  I have AVID-DNxHD-files created by Ikegami EditCamHD and FFMPEG-coded DNxHD-Files.

  



  Ikegami-Files are 1080/25psF at 185MBit/sec (10Bit). FFMPEG-Files are crated with this command :

  



  ffmpeg -loop 1 -i c:\pics\VideoNichtVorhanden.jpg -s 1920x1080 -r 25 -t 92.8 -c:v dnxhd -b:v 185M -pix_fmt yuv422p10le d:\MissingFiles\missing_0001.mov


  



  ffprobe from Ikegami-file :

  



  {
  "streams": [
    {
      "index": 0,
      "codec_name": "dnxhd",
      "codec_long_name": "VC3\/DNxHD",
      "profile": "DNXHD",
      "codec_type": "video",
      "codec_time_base": "1\/25",
      "codec_tag_string": "[0][0][0][0]",
      "codec_tag": "0x0000",
      "width": 1920,
      "height": 1080,
      "coded_width": 1920,
      "coded_height": 1088,
      "has_b_frames": 0,
      "sample_aspect_ratio": "1:1",
      "display_aspect_ratio": "16:9",
      "pix_fmt": "yuv422p10le",
      "level": -99,
      "color_space": "bt709",
      "field_order": "tt",
      "refs": 1,
      "r_frame_rate": "25\/1",
      "avg_frame_rate": "25\/1",
      "time_base": "1\/25",
      "start_pts": 0,
      "start_time": "0.000000",
      "duration_ts": 827,
      "duration": "33.080000",
      "bits_per_raw_sample": "10",
      "disposition": {
        "default": 0,
        "dub": 0,
        "original": 0,
        "comment": 0,
        "lyrics": 0,
        "karaoke": 0,
        "forced": 0,
        "hearing_impaired": 0,
        "visual_impaired": 0,
        "clean_effects": 0,
        "attached_pic": 0,
        "timed_thumbnails": 0
      },
      "tags": {
        "file_package_umid": "0x060A2B340101010101010F0013000000D6F21F070302074C060E2B347F7F2A80",
        "file_package_name": "File Package",
        "track_name": "V1"
      }
    },
    {
      "index": 1,
      "codec_type": "data",
      "codec_tag_string": "[0][0][0][0]",
      "codec_tag": "0x0000",
      "r_frame_rate": "0\/0",
      "avg_frame_rate": "0\/0",
      "time_base": "1\/90000",
      "start_pts": 0,
      "start_time": "0.000000",
      "duration_ts": 2977200,
      "duration": "33.080000",
      "disposition": {
        "default": 0,
        "dub": 0,
        "original": 0,
        "comment": 0,
        "lyrics": 0,
        "karaoke": 0,
        "forced": 0,
        "hearing_impaired": 0,
        "visual_impaired": 0,
        "clean_effects": 0,
        "attached_pic": 0,
        "timed_thumbnails": 0
      },
      "tags": {
        "file_package_umid": "0x060A2B34010101010101080013000000D6F21F070276074C060E2B347F7F2A80",
        "track_name": "A1",
        "data_type": "audio"
      }
    },
    {
      "index": 2,
      "codec_type": "data",
      "codec_tag_string": "[0][0][0][0]",
      "codec_tag": "0x0000",
      "r_frame_rate": "0\/0",
      "avg_frame_rate": "0\/0",
      "time_base": "1\/90000",
      "start_pts": 0,
      "start_time": "0.000000",
      "duration_ts": 2977200,
      "duration": "33.080000",
      "disposition": {
        "default": 0,
        "dub": 0,
        "original": 0,
        "comment": 0,
        "lyrics": 0,
        "karaoke": 0,
        "forced": 0,
        "hearing_impaired": 0,
        "visual_impaired": 0,
        "clean_effects": 0,
        "attached_pic": 0,
        "timed_thumbnails": 0
      },
      "tags": {
        "file_package_umid": "0x060A2B34010101010101080013000000D6F21F07028A074C060E2B347F7F2A80",
        "track_name": "A2",
        "data_type": "audio"
      }
    }
  ],
  "format": {
    "filename": "G:\\MXF-sortiert\\Ikegami\\2018-04-10\\V\\MULTI_NN17GN0V\\NN17GN0V.0001.MXF",
    "nb_streams": 3,
    "nb_programs": 0,
    "format_name": "mxf",
    "format_long_name": "MXF (Material eXchange Format)",
    "start_time": "0.000000",
    "duration": "33.080000",
    "size": "761004264",
    "bit_rate": "184039725",
    "probe_score": 100,
    "tags": {
      "operational_pattern_ul": "060e2b34.04010102.0d010201.10030000",
      "uid": "caf0bf8e-ff07-b34d-9616-bc3e7bd32d54",
      "generation_uid": "fb90769f-a46d-d546-983d-dda63339a8fd",
      "company_name": "Ikegami",
      "product_name": "HDN-X10",
      "product_version": "1.30d",
      "product_uid": "3e2189d7-294b-4612-8243-1b1990e14055",
      "modification_date": "2018-04-10T05:57:59.788000Z",
      "material_package_umid": "0x060A2B340101010101010F0013000000D6F21F070262074C060E2B347F7F2A80",
      "material_package_name": "01047",
      "timecode": "01:23:17:03"
    }
  }
}


  



  ffprobe from ffmpeg-coded-file :

  



  {
  "streams": [
    {
      "index": 0,
      "codec_name": "dnxhd",
      "codec_long_name": "VC3\/DNxHD",
      "profile": "DNXHD",
      "codec_type": "video",
      "codec_time_base": "1\/25",
      "codec_tag_string": "AVdn",
      "codec_tag": "0x6e645641",
      "width": 1920,
      "height": 1080,
      "coded_width": 1920,
      "coded_height": 1088,
      "has_b_frames": 0,
      "sample_aspect_ratio": "1:1",
      "display_aspect_ratio": "16:9",
      "pix_fmt": "yuv422p10le",
      "level": -99,
      "color_range": "tv",
      "color_space": "bt709",
      "refs": 1,
      "r_frame_rate": "25\/1",
      "avg_frame_rate": "25\/1",
      "time_base": "1\/12800",
      "start_pts": 0,
      "start_time": "0.000000",
      "duration_ts": 1187840,
      "duration": "92.800000",
      "bit_rate": "183500800",
      "bits_per_raw_sample": "10",
      "nb_frames": "2320",
      "disposition": {
        "default": 1,
        "dub": 0,
        "original": 0,
        "comment": 0,
        "lyrics": 0,
        "karaoke": 0,
        "forced": 0,
        "hearing_impaired": 0,
        "visual_impaired": 0,
        "clean_effects": 0,
        "attached_pic": 0,
        "timed_thumbnails": 0
      },
      "tags": {
        "handler_name": "VideoHandler",
        "encoder": "Lavc58.54.100 dnxhd"
      }
    }
  ],
  "format": {
    "filename": "G:\\MXF-sortiert\\Ikegami\\2018-04-10\\V\\MULTI_NN1EUS0V\\MXF\\NN1EUS0V.0001.mov",
    "nb_streams": 1,
    "nb_programs": 0,
    "format_name": "mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2",
    "format_long_name": "QuickTime \/ MOV",
    "start_time": "0.000000",
    "duration": "92.800000",
    "size": "2128619444",
    "bit_rate": "183501676",
    "probe_score": 100,
    "tags": {
      "major_brand": "qt  ",
      "minor_version": "512",
      "compatible_brands": "qt  ",
      "encoder": "Lavf58.29.100"
    }
  }
}


  



  When I concat for example one .mxf with one .mov and another .mxf at the end, the duration is frong (about 26 Miuntes when it should be some 4 Minutes or so) and VLC-Player gives a Framerate of a very slow framerate and the video does not play the ffmpeg coded part.

  



  ffprobe from concat-output :

  



  {
  "streams": [
    {
      "index": 0,
      "codec_name": "dnxhd",
      "codec_long_name": "VC3\/DNxHD",
      "profile": "DNXHD",
      "codec_type": "video",
      "codec_time_base": "20268137\/1351040",
      "codec_tag_string": "AVdn",
      "codec_tag": "0x6e645641",
      "width": 1920,
      "height": 1080,
      "coded_width": 1920,
      "coded_height": 1088,
      "has_b_frames": 0,
      "sample_aspect_ratio": "1:1",
      "display_aspect_ratio": "16:9",
      "pix_fmt": "yuv422p10le",
      "level": -99,
      "color_range": "tv",
      "color_space": "bt709",
      "refs": 1,
      "r_frame_rate": "25\/1",
      "avg_frame_rate": "1351040\/20268137",
      "time_base": "1\/12800",
      "start_pts": 0,
      "start_time": "0.000000",
      "duration_ts": 1216088220,
      "duration": "95006.892188",
      "bit_rate": "489252",
      "bits_per_raw_sample": "10",
      "nb_frames": "6333",
      "disposition": {
        "default": 1,
        "dub": 0,
        "original": 0,
        "comment": 0,
        "lyrics": 0,
        "karaoke": 0,
        "forced": 0,
        "hearing_impaired": 0,
        "visual_impaired": 0,
        "clean_effects": 0,
        "attached_pic": 0,
        "timed_thumbnails": 0
      },
      "tags": {
        "handler_name": "VideoHandler"
      }
    }
  ],
  "format": {
    "filename": "G:\\MXF-sortiert\\Ikegami\\2018-04-10\\V\\NN1EUS0V_MIES.mov",
    "nb_streams": 1,
    "nb_programs": 0,
    "format_name": "mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2",
    "format_long_name": "QuickTime \/ MOV",
    "start_time": "0.000000",
    "duration": "95006.893000",
    "size": "5810367616",
    "bit_rate": "489258",
    "probe_score": 100,
    "tags": {
      "major_brand": "qt  ",
      "minor_version": "512",
      "compatible_brands": "qt  ",
      "encoder": "Lavf58.29.100"
    }
  }
}


  



  The Ikegami and ffmpeg-coded files for themselves are playing great and do show the correct fps in VLC.

  



  I can see in the probe-logs the

  



    "codec_time_base": "20268137\/1351040"


  



  and

  



    "avg_frame_rate": "1351040\/20268137"


  



  What is going wrong here ? How can I improve the coding-part and / or the concat to get a good result ? Is it only possible with re-encode instead of c:v copy ?

  



  Any help welcome, thanks in advance,

  



  tom

  


• FFMpeg batch convert video files hangs

  13 juin 2017, par Benson Chang

  I have some .avi file contains video encoded in h264, and I would like to change to .mp4 and change the rates if needed. You can see the code used to convert below. My problem is that ffmpeg will hang when I try to convert all files, and the file it hangs changes from time to time, I wonder why ? Below the code is the output where ffmpeg hangs. I’m running under windows 10, python 2.7.

  import subprocess
  
  import os
  
  
  
  def convert(fileName):
  
      sourceFile = fileName
  
      print sourceFile.split('.')
  
      targetFile = fileName.split('.')[0] + ".mp4"
  
      subprocess.call(['ffmpeg', '-y', '-i', sourceFile, '-r',
  
           '30000/1001', '-b:a', '2M', '-bt', '4M', '-vcodec',
  
            'libx264', '-pass', '1', '-coder', '0', '-bf', '0',
  
             '-flags', '-loop', '-wpredp', '0', '-an', targetFile])
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  # Set the directory you want to start from
  
  def convertBatch(rootDir = '.'):
  
      for dirName, subdirList, fileList in os.walk(rootDir):
  
          print('Found directory: %s' % dirName)
  
  
  
          for fname in fileList:
  
              if fname.endswith(".avi"):
  
                  convert('%s/%s' % (dirName,fname))
  
                  #os.remove('%s/%s' % (dirName,fname))
  
  
  
  
  
  convertBatch("F:\\data\\mp4")

  ---

  ffmpeg version 3.1.4 Copyright (c) 2000-2016 the FFmpeg developers
  
    built with gcc 5.4.0 (GCC)
  
    configuration: --enable-gpl --enable-version3 --disable-w32threads --enable-dxva2 --enable-libmfx --enable-nvenc --enable-avisynth --enable-bzlib --enable-libebur128 --enable-fontconfig --enable-frei0r --enable-gnutls --enable-iconv --enable-libass --enable-libbluray --enable-libbs2b --enable-libcaca --enable-libfreetype --enable-libgme --enable-libgsm --enable-libilbc --enable-libmodplug --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libopenh264 --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopus --enable-librtmp --enable-libschroedinger --enable-libsnappy --enable-libsoxr --enable-libspeex --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvo-amrwbenc --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libwavpack --enable-libwebp --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxavs --enable-libxvid --enable-libzimg --enable-lzma --enable-decklink --enable-zlib
  
    libavutil      55. 28.100 / 55. 28.100
  
    libavcodec     57. 48.101 / 57. 48.101
  
    libavformat    57. 41.100 / 57. 41.100
  
    libavdevice    57.  0.101 / 57.  0.101
  
    libavfilter     6. 47.100 /  6. 47.100
  
    libswscale      4.  1.100 /  4.  1.100
  
    libswresample   2.  1.100 /  2.  1.100
  
    libpostproc    54.  0.100 / 54.  0.100
  
  Input #0, avi, from 'filename.avi':
  
    Metadata:
  
      encoder         : Lavf57.56.100
  
    Duration: 00:00:01.00, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 611 kb/s
  
      Stream #0:0: Video: h264 (Constrained Baseline) (x264 / 0x34363278), yuv420p, 1024x1024, 578 kb/s, 30 fps, 30 tbr, 30 tbn, 60 tbc
  
  Codec AVOption b (set bitrate (in bits/s)) specified for output file #0 (F:\data\mp4_1_16\11\14\512/11_14_512_16.mp4) has not been used for any stream. The most likely reason is either wrong type (e.g. a video option with no video streams) or that it is a private option of some encoder which was not actually used for any stream.
  
  [libx264 @ 00000000028e42c0] using cpu capabilities: MMX2 SSE2Fast SSSE3 SSE4.2 AVX FMA3 AVX2 LZCNT BMI2
  
  [libx264 @ 00000000028e42c0] profile Constrained Baseline, level 3.2
  
  [libx264 @ 00000000028e42c0] 264 - core 148 r2721 72d53ab - H.264/MPEG-4 AVC codec - Copyleft 2003-2016 - http://www.videolan.org/x264.html - options: cabac=0 ref=1 deblock=1:0:0 analyse=0x1:0 me=dia subme=2 psy=1 psy_rd=1.00:0.00 mixed_ref=0 me_range=16 chroma_me=1 trellis=0 8x8dct=0 cqm=0 deadzone=21,11 fast_pskip=1 chroma_qp_offset=0 threads=18 lookahead_threads=6 sliced_threads=0 nr=0 decimate=1 interlaced=0 bluray_compat=0 constrained_intra=0 bframes=0 weightp=0 keyint=250 keyint_min=25 scenecut=40 intra_refresh=0 rc_lookahead=40 rc=crf mbtree=1 crf=23.0 qcomp=0.60 qpmin=0 qpmax=69 qpstep=4 ip_ratio=1.40 aq=1:1.00
  
  [mp4 @ 0000000002bd00a0] Using AVStream.codec to pass codec parameters to muxers is deprecated, use AVStream.codecpar instead.
  
  Output #0, mp4, to 'filename.mp4':
  
    Metadata:
  
      encoder         : Lavf57.41.100
  
      Stream #0:0: Video: h264 (libx264) ([33][0][0][0] / 0x0021), yuv420p, 1024x1024, q=-1--1, 29.97 fps, 30k tbn, 29.97 tbc
  
      Metadata:
  
        encoder         : Lavc57.48.101 libx264
  
      Side data:
  
        cpb: bitrate max/min/avg: 0/0/0 buffer size: 0 vbv_delay: -1
  
  Stream mapping:
  
    Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (h264 (native) -> h264 (libx264))
  
  Press [q] to stop, [?] for help