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• Summer Hacking 2011

  28 avril 2011, par Multimedia Mike — General

  I recently learned that iD — you know, the famed game company — has a series of summer tech camps :

  
  
  

  All I care to know is : Where were programs like these when I was 7-18 years old ? Born too early, I tell ya.

  That reminds me that the Google Summer of Code, 2011 Edition is getting underway soon. I guess it’s like summertime computer camp for college-aged students. FFmpeg / libav is once again a part of the program with 10 slots awarded by Google. Here are the students, projects, and mentors.

  Wish them luck.

• Dreamcast Finds

  15 avril 2022, par Multimedia Mike — Sega Dreamcast

  Pursuant to my recent post about finally understanding how Sega Dreamcast GD-ROM rips are structured, I was able to prepare the contents of various demo discs in a manner that makes exploration easy via the Internet Archive. This is due to the way that IA makes it easy to browse archives such as ZIP or ISO files (anything that 7zip knows how to unpack), and also presents the audio tracks for native playback directly through the web browser.

  These are some of the interesting things I have found while perusing the various Dreamcast sampler discs.

  Multimedia Formats
  First and foremost : Multimedia-wise, SFD and ADX files abound on all the discs. SFD files are Sofdec, a middleware format used for a lot of FMV on Dreamcast games. These were little more than MPEG video files with a non-MPEG (ADPCM instead) audio codec. VLC will usually play the video portions of these files but has trouble detecting the audio. It’s not for lack of audio codec support because it can play the ADX files just fine.
  

  It should be noted that Dreamcast Magazine Disc 11 has an actual .mpg file (as opposed to a .sfd file) that has proper MPEG audio instead instead of ADX ADPCM.

  The only other multimedia format I know of that was used in any Dreamcast games was 4XM, used on Alone In The Dark : The New Nightmare. I wrote a simple C tool a long time to recover these files from a disc image I extracted myself. Rather than interpreting the ISO-9660 filesystem, the tool just crawled through the binary blob searching for ‘4XMV’ file signatures and using length data within the files for extraction.

  Also, there are plentiful PVR files (in reference to the PowerVR2 GPU hardware that the DC uses) which ‘file’ dutifully identifies as “Sega PVR image”. There are probably tools to view them. It doesn’t appear to be a complicated format.

  Scripting
  I was fascinated to see Lua files on at least one of the discs. It turns out that MDK 2 leverages the language, as several other games do. But it was still interesting to see the .lua files show up in the Dreamcast version as well.

  That Windows CE Logo
  Every Sega Dreamcast is famously emblazoned with a logo mentioning Microsoft Windows CE :

  
  
  

  It has confused many folks. It also confused me until this exploratory exercise. Many would wonder if the Dreamcast booted up into some Windows CE OS environment that then ran the game, but that certainly wasn’t it. Indeed, Dreamcast was one of the last consoles that really didn’t have any kind of hypervisor operating system managing everything.

  I found a file called rt2dc.exe on one sampler disc. At first, I suspected that this was a development utility for Windows to convert some “RT” graphical format into a format more suitable for the Dreamcast. Then, ‘file’ told me that it was actually a Windows EXE but compiled for the Hitachi SH-4 CPU (the brain inside the DC). Does the conversion utility run on the Dreamcast itself ? Then I analyzed the strings inside the binary and saw references to train stations. That’s when it started to click for me that this was the binary executable for the demo version of Railroad Tycoon 2 : Gold Edition, hence “rt2dc.exe”. Still, this provides some insight about whether Dreamcast “runs” Windows. This binary was built against a series of Windows CE libraries. The symbols also imply DirectX compatibility.

  Here is a page with more info about the WinCE/DirectX variant for the Sega Dreamcast. It seems that this was useful for closing the gap between PC and DC ports of games (i.e., being able to re-use more code between the 2 platforms). I guess this was part of what made Dreamcast a dry run for the DirectXbox (later Xbox).

  Here is a list of all the Dreamcast games that are known to use Windows CE.

  Suddenly, I am curious if tools such as IDA Pro or Ghidra can possibly open up Windows CE binaries that contain SH-4 code. Not that I’m particularly interested in reverse engineering any algorithms locked up in Dreamcast land.

  Tomb Raider Easter Egg
  The volume 6 sampler disc has a demo of Tomb Raider : The Last Revelation. While inspecting the strings, I found an Easter egg. I was far from the first person to discover it, though, as seen on this The Cutting Room Floor wiki page (look under “Developer Message”). It looks like I am the first person to notice it on the Dreamcast version. It shows up at offset 0xE3978 in the Dreamcast (demo version) binary, if anyone with permissions wants to update the page.

  Web Browser
  Then there’s the Web Browser for Sega Dreamcast. It seemed to be included on a lot of these sampler discs. But only mentioning the web browser undersells it– the thing also bundled an email client and an IRC client. It’s important to remember that the Dreamcast also had a keyboard peripheral.

  I need to check the timeline for when the web browser first became available vs. when the MIL-CD hack became known. My thinking is that there is no way that the web browser program didn’t have some security issues– buffer overflows and the like. It seems like this would have been a good method of breaking the security of the system.

  Ironically, I suddenly can think of a reason why one might want to use advanced reverse engineering tools on Dreamcast binaries, something I struggled with just a few paragraphs ago.

  Odds ‘n Ends
  It’s always fun to find plain text files among video game assets and speculating on the precise meaning… while also marveling how long people have been struggling to correctly spell “length”.

  Internationalization via plain text files.

  Another game (Slave Zero) saw fit to zip its assets. Maybe this was to save space in order to fit everything on the magazine sampler disc. Quizzically, this didn’t really save an appreciable amount of space.

  Finally, all the discs have an audio track 2 that advises that the disc must be played in a Dreamcast console. Not unusual. However, volume 4 also has a Japanese lady saying the same thing on track 4. This is odd because track 4 is one of the GD area audio tracks and is not accessible with normal CD hardware. Further, she identifies the disc as a “Windows CE disc”.

  The post Dreamcast Finds first appeared on Breaking Eggs And Making Omelettes.

• Use ffmpeg for incoming youtube HLS live stream and output to rtmp

  14 avril 2018, par hrs

  I can’t get ffmpeg to work with live streams from youtube. Normal non-live videos work just fine. But with live streams ffmpeg seems like it doesn’t make enough requests for new segments. It basically downloads, say a 3 second segment, then nothing happens for 10 seconds or so, then it downloads a new segment, repeat...

  ffmpeg -i '$(./youtube-dl -f best -g https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=emGI3UrzIMc)' -f flv rtmp://192.168.0.11/myapp/mystream

  So what’s the automagic command ?

  ffmpeg version :

  ffmpeg version 3.4.2 Copyright (c) 2000-2018 the FFmpeg developers
  
  built with gcc 7.3.0 (Rev1, Built by MSYS2 project)
  
  configuration: --prefix=/mingw64 --target-os=mingw32 --arch=x86_64 --disable-debug --disable-static --enable-avresample --enable-dxva2 --enable-d3d11va --enable-fontconfig --enable-gnutls --enable-gpl --enable-libass --enable-libbluray --enable-libcaca --enable-libcelt --enable-libfreetype --enable-libgsm --enable-libmodplug --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopencore_amrnb --enable-libopencore_amrwb --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopus --enable-librtmp --enable-libspeex --enable-libtheora --enable-libvorbis --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxvid --enable-libvpx --enable-libwebp --enable-openal --enable-libwavpack --enable-pic --enable-postproc --enable-runtime-cpudetect --enable-shared --enable-static --enable-swresample --enable-version3 --enable-zlib --disable-doc
  
  libavutil      55. 78.100 / 55. 78.100
  
  libavcodec     57.107.100 / 57.107.100
  
  libavformat    57. 83.100 / 57. 83.100
  
  libavdevice    57. 10.100 / 57. 10.100
  
  libavfilter     6.107.100 /  6.107.100
  
  libavresample   3.  7.  0 /  3.  7.  0
  
  libswscale      4.  8.100 /  4.  8.100
  
  libswresample   2.  9.100 /  2.  9.100
  
  libpostproc    54.  7.100 / 54.  7.100

  youtube-dl version : 2018.03.14

  Following is the output of the command above. The <my note="note"></my> is added by me for description purposes.

  At start execution goes smoothly. It then freezes for 10 or 15 sec at <my note="note" 1="1"></my>. It then downloads the part of the stream - <my note="note" 2="2"></my>, plays is, then freezes again for some seconds. Then downloads the next part - <my note="note" 3="3"></my>, plays it, freezes, and so on...

  $ ffmpeg -i '$(./youtube-dl -f best -g https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=emGI3UrzIMc)' -f flv rtmp://192.168.0.11/myapp/mystream
  
  ffmpeg version 3.4.2 Copyright (c) 2000-2018 the FFmpeg developers
  
    built with gcc 7.3.0 (Rev1, Built by MSYS2 project)
  
    configuration: --prefix=/mingw64 --target-os=mingw32 --arch=x86_64 --disable-debug --disable-static --enable-avresample --enable-dxva2 --enable-d3d11va --enable-fontconfig --enable-gnutls --enable-gpl --enable-libass --enable-libbluray --enable-libcaca --enable-libcelt --enable-libfreetype --enable-libgsm --enable-libmodplug --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopencore_amrnb --enable-libopencore_amrwb --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopus --enable-librtmp --enable-libspeex --enable-libtheora --enable-libvorbis --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxvid --enable-libvpx --enable-libwebp --enable-openal --enable-libwavpack --enable-pic --enable-postproc --enable-runtime-cpudetect --enable-shared --enable-static --enable-swresample --enable-version3 --enable-zlib --disable-doc
  
    libavutil      55. 78.100 / 55. 78.100
  
    libavcodec     57.107.100 / 57.107.100
  
    libavformat    57. 83.100 / 57. 83.100
  
    libavdevice    57. 10.100 / 57. 10.100
  
    libavfilter     6.107.100 /  6.107.100
  
    libavresample   3.  7.  0 /  3.  7.  0
  
    libswscale      4.  8.100 /  4.  8.100
  
    libswresample   2.  9.100 /  2.  9.100
  
    libpostproc    54.  7.100 / 54.  7.100
  
  [hls,applehttp @ 00000287da404cc0] Opening 'https://r4---sn-cap1vv-nv4l.googlevideo.com/videoplayback/id/emGI3UrzIMc.0/itag/95/source/yt_live_broadcast/requiressl/yes/ratebypass/yes/live/1/cmbypass/yes/goi/160/sgoap/gir%3Dyes%3Bitag%3D140/sgovp/gir%3Dyes%3Bitag%3D136/hls_chunk_host/r4---sn-cap1vv-nv4l.googlevideo.com/ei/6jiqWt7SIJKD8gPimZTACA/playlist_type/DVR/gcr/bg/initcwndbps/10410/mm/32/mn/sn-cap1vv-nv4l/ms/lv/mv/m/pcm2cms/yes/pl/16/keepalive/yes/mt/1521105015/ip/130.204.135.162/ipbits/0/expire/1521126730/sparams/ip,ipbits,expire,id,itag,source,requiressl,ratebypass,live,cmbypass,goi,sgoap,sgovp,hls_chunk_host,ei,playlist_type,gcr,initcwndbps,mm,mn,ms,mv,pcm2cms,pl/signature/503304477BD05CCC71061344F8BB23195E152A32.512A84732C501AF08AC9340181A75D34C5B2FF77/key/dg_yt0/playlist/index.m3u8/sq/1308292/goap/clen%3D48852%3Blmt%3D1520930742662673/govp/clen%3D347004%3Blmt%3D1520930742662679/dur/2.000/file/seg.ts' for reading
  
  Input #0, hls,applehttp, from 'https://manifest.googlevideo.com/api/manifest/hls_playlist/id/emGI3UrzIMc.0/itag/95/source/yt_live_broadcast/requiressl/yes/ratebypass/yes/live/1/cmbypass/yes/goi/160/sgoap/gir%3Dyes%3Bitag%3D140/sgovp/gir%3Dyes%3Bitag%3D136/hls_chunk_host/r4---sn-cap1vv-nv4l.googlevideo.com/ei/6jiqWt7SIJKD8gPimZTACA/playlist_type/DVR/gcr/bg/initcwndbps/10410/mm/32/mn/sn-cap1vv-nv4l/ms/lv/mv/m/pcm2cms/yes/pl/16/dover/10/keepalive/yes/mt/1521105015/ip/130.204.135.162/ipbits/0/expire/1521126730/sparams/ip,ipbits,expire,id,itag,source,requiressl,ratebypass,live,cmbypass,goi,sgoap,sgovp,hls_chunk_host,ei,playlist_type,gcr,initcwndbps,mm,mn,ms,mv,pcm2cms,pl/signature/503304477BD05CCC71061344F8BB23195E152A32.512A84732C501AF08AC9340181A75D34C5B2FF77/key/dg_yt0/playlist/index.m3u8':
  
    Duration: N/A, start: 39603.798400, bitrate: N/A
  
    Program 0
  
      Metadata:
  
        variant_bitrate : 0
  
      Stream #0:0: Audio: aac (LC) ([15][0][0][0] / 0x000F), 48000 Hz, stereo, fltp
  
      Metadata:
  
        variant_bitrate : 0
  
      Stream #0:1: Video: h264 (Main) ([27][0][0][0] / 0x001B), yuv420p, 1280x720 [SAR 1:1 DAR 16:9], 30 fps, 30 tbr, 90k tbn, 60 tbc
  
      Metadata:
  
        variant_bitrate : 0
  
  Stream mapping:
  
    Stream #0:1 -> #0:0 (h264 (native) -> flv1 (flv))
  
    Stream #0:0 -> #0:1 (aac (native) -> mp3 (libmp3lame))
  
  Press [q] to stop, [?] for help
  
  Output #0, flv, to 'rtmp://192.168.0.11/myapp/mystream':
  
    Metadata:
  
      encoder         : Lavf57.83.100
  
      Stream #0:0: Video: flv1 (flv) ([2][0][0][0] / 0x0002), yuv420p, 1280x720 [SAR 1:1 DAR 16:9], q=2-31, 200 kb/s, 30 fps, 1k tbn, 30 tbc
  
      Metadata:
  
        variant_bitrate : 0
  
        encoder         : Lavc57.107.100 flv
  
      Side data:
  
        cpb: bitrate max/min/avg: 0/0/200000 buffer size: 0 vbv_delay: -1
  
      Stream #0:1: Audio: mp3 (libmp3lame) ([2][0][0][0] / 0x0002), 48000 Hz, stereo, fltp
  
      Metadata:
  
        variant_bitrate : 0
  
        <my note="note" 1="1">encoder         : Lavc57.107.100 libmp3lame
  
  <my note="note" 2="2">[hls,applehttp @ 00000287da404cc0] Opening 'https://r4---sn-cap1vv-nv4l.googlevideo.com/videoplayback/id/emGI3UrzIMc.0/itag/95/source/yt_live_broadcast/requiressl/yes/ratebypass/yes/live/1/cmbypass/yes/goi/160/sgoap/gir%3Dyes%3Bitag%3D140/sgovp/gir%3Dyes%3Bitag%3D136/hls_chunk_host/r4---sn-cap1vv-nv4l.googlevideo.com/ei/6jiqWt7SIJKD8gPimZTACA/playlist_type/DVR/gcr/bg/initcwndbps/10410/mm/32/mn/sn-cap1vv-nv4l/ms/lv/mv/m/pcm2cms/yes/pl/16/keepalive/yes/mt/1521105015/ip/130.204.135.162/ipbits/0/expire/1521126730/sparams/ip,ipbits,expire,id,itag,source,requiressl,ratebypass,live,cmbypass,goi,sgoap,sgovp,hls_chunk_host,ei,playlist_type,gcr,initcwndbps,mm,mn,ms,mv,pcm2cms,pl/signature/503304477BD05CCC71061344F8BB23195E152A32.512A84732C501AF08AC9340181A75D34C5B2FF77/key/dg_yt0/playlist/index.m3u8/sq/1308293/goap/clen%3D48853%3Blmt%3D1520930742662680/govp/clen%3D404944%3Blmt%3D1520930742662686/dur/2.000/file/seg.ts' for reading
  
  <my note="note" 3="3">[hls,applehttp @ 00000287da404cc0] Opening 'https://r4---sn-cap1vv-nv4l.googlevideo.com/videoplayback/id/emGI3UrzIMc.0/itag/95/source/yt_live_broadcast/requiressl/yes/ratebypass/yes/live/1/cmbypass/yes/goi/160/sgoap/gir%3Dyes%3Bitag%3D140/sgovp/gir%3Dyes%3Bitag%3D136/hls_chunk_host/r4---sn-cap1vv-nv4l.googlevideo.com/ei/6jiqWt7SIJKD8gPimZTACA/playlist_type/DVR/gcr/bg/initcwndbps/10410/mm/32/mn/sn-cap1vv-nv4l/ms/lv/mv/m/pcm2cms/yes/pl/16/keepalive/yes/mt/1521105015/ip/130.204.135.162/ipbits/0/expire/1521126730/sparams/ip,ipbits,expire,id,itag,source,requiressl,ratebypass,live,cmbypass,goi,sgoap,sgovp,hls_chunk_host,ei,playlist_type,gcr,initcwndbps,mm,mn,ms,mv,pcm2cms,pl/signature/503304477BD05CCC71061344F8BB23195E152A32.512A84732C501AF08AC9340181A75D34C5B2FF77/key/dg_yt0/playlist/index.m3u8/sq/1308294/goap/clen%3D48852%3Blmt%3D1520930742662688/govp/clen%3D403294%3Blmt%3D1520930742662693/dur/2.000/file/seg.ts' for reading
  
  [hls,applehttp @ 00000287da404cc0] Opening 'https://r4---sn-cap1vv-nv4l.googlevideo.com/videoplayback/id/emGI3UrzIMc.0/itag/95/source/yt_live_broadcast/requiressl/yes/ratebypass/yes/live/1/cmbypass/yes/goi/160/sgoap/gir%3Dyes%3Bitag%3D140/sgovp/gir%3Dyes%3Bitag%3D136/hls_chunk_host/r4---sn-cap1vv-nv4l.googlevideo.com/ei/6jiqWt7SIJKD8gPimZTACA/playlist_type/DVR/gcr/bg/initcwndbps/10410/mm/32/mn/sn-cap1vv-nv4l/ms/lv/mv/m/pcm2cms/yes/pl/16/keepalive/yes/mt/1521105015/ip/130.204.135.162/ipbits/0/expire/1521126730/sparams/ip,ipbits,expire,id,itag,source,requiressl,ratebypass,live,cmbypass,goi,sgoap,sgovp,hls_chunk_host,ei,playlist_type,gcr,initcwndbps,mm,mn,ms,mv,pcm2cms,pl/signature/503304477BD05CCC71061344F8BB23195E152A32.512A84732C501AF08AC9340181A75D34C5B2FF77/key/dg_yt0/playlist/index.m3u8/sq/1308295/goap/clen%3D48355%3Blmt%3D1520930742662695/govp/clen%3D358330%3Blmt%3D1520930742662700/dur/2.000/file/seg.ts' for reading
  
  [hls,applehttp @ 00000287da404cc0] Opening 'https://r4---sn-cap1vv-nv4l.googlevideo.com/videoplayback/id/emGI3UrzIMc.0/itag/95/source/yt_live_broadcast/requiressl/yes/ratebypass/yes/live/1/cmbypass/yes/goi/160/sgoap/gir%3Dyes%3Bitag%3D140/sgovp/gir%3Dyes%3Bitag%3D136/hls_chunk_host/r4---sn-cap1vv-nv4l.googlevideo.com/ei/6jiqWt7SIJKD8gPimZTACA/playlist_type/DVR/gcr/bg/initcwndbps/10410/mm/32/mn/sn-cap1vv-nv4l/ms/lv/mv/m/pcm2cms/yes/pl/16/keepalive/yes/mt/1521105015/ip/130.204.135.162/ipbits/0/expire/1521126730/sparams/ip,ipbits,expire,id,itag,source,requiressl,ratebypass,live,cmbypass,goi,sgoap,sgovp,hls_chunk_host,ei,playlist_type,gcr,initcwndbps,mm,mn,ms,mv,pcm2cms,pl/signature/503304477BD05CCC71061344F8BB23195E152A32.512A84732C501AF08AC9340181A75D34C5B2FF77/key/dg_yt0/playlist/index.m3u8/sq/1308296/goap/clen%3D48852%3Blmt%3D1520930742662701/govp/clen%3D347658%3Blmt%3D1520930742662707/dur/2.000/file/seg.ts' for reading
  
  frame=  225 fps=1.8 q=31.0 size=     947kB time=00:00:07.92 bitrate= 979.2kbits/s speed=0.0625x
  
  </my></my></my>

  And you don’t have to output to a rtmp. Can be a local file - behavior is the same.