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• No sounds on Apple devices after encoding videos [migrated]

  15 décembre 2013, par Ricardo

  I'm having a problem setting up a media server.
  Everything works just great except the sound of Apple devices, I'm not sure if that's something with "mute" on iOS or our codecs are just not compatible with iOS.

  OS :

  Ubuntu 12.04

  FFMPEG Config :

  ffmpeg version 0.10.8-7:0.10.8-1~lucid1 Copyright 2000-2013 the FFmpeg developers
  
    built on Sep  5 2013 19:50:14 with gcc 4.4.3
  
    configuration: --arch=amd64 --disable-stripping --enable-pthreads --enable-runtime-cpudetect --extra-version='7:0.10.8-1~lucid1' --libdir=/usr/lib --prefix=/usr --enable-bzlib --enable-libdc1394 --enable-libfreetype --enable-frei0r --enable-gnutls --enable-libgsm --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libpulse --enable-libschroedinger --enable-libspeex --enable-libtheora --enable-vdpau --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-zlib --enable-gpl --enable-postproc --enable-libcdio --enable-x11grab --enable-libx264 --shlibdir=/usr/lib --enable-shared --disable-static
  
    avcodec     configuration: --arch=amd64 --disable-stripping --enable-pthreads --enable-runtime-cpudetect --extra-version='7:0.10.8-1~lucid1' --libdir=/usr/lib --prefix=/usr --enable-bzlib --enable-libdc1394 --enable-libfreetype --enable-frei0r --enable-gnutls --enable-libgsm --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libpulse --enable-libschroedinger --enable-libspeex --enable-libtheora --enable-vdpau --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-zlib --enable-gpl --enable-postproc --enable-libcdio --enable-x11grab --enable-libx264 --shlibdir=/usr/lib --enable-shared --disable-static --enable-version3 --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb
  
    libavutil      51. 35.100 / 51. 35.100
  
    libavcodec     53. 61.100 / 53. 61.100
  
    libavformat    53. 32.100 / 53. 32.100
  
    libavdevice    53.  4.100 / 53.  4.100
  
    libavfilter     2. 61.100 /  2. 61.100
  
    libswscale      2.  1.100 /  2.  1.100
  
    libswresample   0.  6.100 /  0.  6.100
  
    libpostproc    52.  0.100 / 52.  0.100
  
  Hyper fast Audio and Video encoder

  Codecs :

   D..... = Decoding supported
  
   .E.... = Encoding supported
  
   ..V... = Video codec
  
   ..A... = Audio codec
  
   ..S... = Subtitle codec
  
   ...S.. = Supports draw_horiz_band
  
   ....D. = Supports direct rendering method 1
  
   .....T = Supports weird frame truncation
  
   ------
  
   D V D  4xm             4X Movie
  
   D V D  8bps            QuickTime 8BPS video
  
   D A D  8svx_exp        8SVX exponential
  
   D A D  8svx_fib        8SVX fibonacci
  
    EV    a64multi        Multicolor charset for Commodore 64
  
    EV    a64multi5       Multicolor charset for Commodore 64, extended with 5th color (colram)
  
   DEA D  aac             Advanced Audio Coding
  
   D A D  aac_latm        AAC LATM (Advanced Audio Codec LATM syntax)
  
   D V D  aasc            Autodesk RLE
  
   DEA D  ac3             ATSC A/52A (AC-3)
  
    EA    ac3_fixed       ATSC A/52A (AC-3)
  
   D A D  adpcm_4xm       ADPCM 4X Movie
  
   DEA D  adpcm_adx       SEGA CRI ADX ADPCM
  
   D A D  adpcm_ct        ADPCM Creative Technology
  
   D A D  adpcm_ea        ADPCM Electronic Arts
  
   D A D  adpcm_ea_maxis_xa ADPCM Electronic Arts Maxis CDROM XA
  
   D A D  adpcm_ea_r1     ADPCM Electronic Arts R1
  
   D A D  adpcm_ea_r2     ADPCM Electronic Arts R2
  
   D A D  adpcm_ea_r3     ADPCM Electronic Arts R3
  
   D A D  adpcm_ea_xas    ADPCM Electronic Arts XAS
  
   D A D  adpcm_ima_amv   ADPCM IMA AMV
  
   D A D  adpcm_ima_apc   ADPCM IMA CRYO APC
  
   D A D  adpcm_ima_dk3   ADPCM IMA Duck DK3
  
   D A D  adpcm_ima_dk4   ADPCM IMA Duck DK4
  
   D A D  adpcm_ima_ea_eacs ADPCM IMA Electronic Arts EACS
  
   D A D  adpcm_ima_ea_sead ADPCM IMA Electronic Arts SEAD
  
   D A D  adpcm_ima_iss   ADPCM IMA Funcom ISS
  
   DEA D  adpcm_ima_qt    ADPCM IMA QuickTime
  
   D A D  adpcm_ima_smjpeg ADPCM IMA Loki SDL MJPEG
  
   DEA D  adpcm_ima_wav   ADPCM IMA WAV
  
   D A D  adpcm_ima_ws    ADPCM IMA Westwood
  
   DEA D  adpcm_ms        ADPCM Microsoft
  
   D A D  adpcm_sbpro_2   ADPCM Sound Blaster Pro 2-bit
  
   D A D  adpcm_sbpro_3   ADPCM Sound Blaster Pro 2.6-bit
  
   D A D  adpcm_sbpro_4   ADPCM Sound Blaster Pro 4-bit
  
   DEA D  adpcm_swf       ADPCM Shockwave Flash
  
   D A D  adpcm_thp       ADPCM Nintendo Gamecube THP
  
   D A D  adpcm_xa        ADPCM CDROM XA
  
   DEA D  adpcm_yamaha    ADPCM Yamaha
  
   DEA D  alac            ALAC (Apple Lossless Audio Codec)
  
   D A D  als             MPEG-4 Audio Lossless Coding (ALS)
  
   D A D  amrnb           Adaptive Multi-Rate NarrowBand
  
   D A D  amrwb           Adaptive Multi-Rate WideBand
  
   DEV    amv             AMV Video
  
   D V D  anm             Deluxe Paint Animation
  
   D V D  ansi            ASCII/ANSI art
  
   D A D  ape             Monkey's Audio
  
   DES    ass             Advanced SubStation Alpha subtitle
  
   DEV D  asv1            ASUS V1
  
   DEV D  asv2            ASUS V2
  
   D A D  atrac1          Atrac 1 (Adaptive TRansform Acoustic Coding)
  
   D A D  atrac3          Atrac 3 (Adaptive TRansform Acoustic Coding 3)
  
   D V D  aura            Auravision AURA
  
   D V D  aura2           Auravision Aura 2
  
   DEV D  avrp            Avid 1:1 10-bit RGB Packer
  
   D V D  avs             AVS (Audio Video Standard) video
  
   D V D  bethsoftvid     Bethesda VID video
  
   D V D  bfi             Brute Force & Ignorance
  
   D A D  binkaudio_dct   Bink Audio (DCT)
  
   D A D  binkaudio_rdft  Bink Audio (RDFT)
  
   D V    binkvideo       Bink video
  
   D V D  bintext         Binary text
  
   DEV D  bmp             BMP image
  
   D A D  bmv_audio       Discworld II BMV audio
  
   D V    bmv_video       Discworld II BMV video
  
   D V D  c93             Interplay C93
  
   D V D  camstudio       CamStudio
  
   D V D  camtasia        TechSmith Screen Capture Codec
  
   D V D  cavs            Chinese AVS video (AVS1-P2, JiZhun profile)
  
   D V D  cdgraphics      CD Graphics video
  
   D V D  cinepak         Cinepak
  
   DEV D  cljr            Cirrus Logic AccuPak
  
   D A D  cook            COOK
  
   D V D  cyuv            Creative YUV (CYUV)
  
   DEA D  dca             DCA (DTS Coherent Acoustics)
  
   D V D  dfa             Chronomaster DFA
  
   D V    dirac           BBC Dirac VC-2
  
   DEV D  dnxhd           VC3/DNxHD
  
   DEV    dpx             DPX image
  
   D A D  dsicinaudio     Delphine Software International CIN audio
  
   D V D  dsicinvideo     Delphine Software International CIN video
  
   DES    dvbsub          DVB subtitles
  
   DES    dvdsub          DVD subtitles
  
   DEV D  dvvideo         DV (Digital Video)
  
   D V D  dxa             Feeble Files/ScummVM DXA
  
   D V D  dxtory          Dxtory
  
   DEA D  eac3            ATSC A/52 E-AC-3
  
   D V D  eacmv           Electronic Arts CMV video
  
   D V D  eamad           Electronic Arts Madcow Video
  
   D V D  eatgq           Electronic Arts TGQ video
  
   D V    eatgv           Electronic Arts TGV video
  
   D V D  eatqi           Electronic Arts TQI Video
  
   D V D  escape124       Escape 124
  
   D V D  escape130       Escape 130
  
   DEV D  ffv1            FFmpeg video codec #1
  
   DEVSD  ffvhuff         Huffyuv FFmpeg variant
  
   DEA D  flac            FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec)
  
   DEV D  flashsv         Flash Screen Video
  
   DEV D  flashsv2        Flash Screen Video Version 2
  
   D V D  flic            Autodesk Animator Flic video
  
   DEVSD  flv             Flash Video (FLV) / Sorenson Spark / Sorenson H.263
  
   D V D  fraps           Fraps
  
   D V D  frwu            Forward Uncompressed
  
   DEA D  g722            G.722 ADPCM
  
   DEA    g723_1          G.723.1
  
   DEA D  g726            G.726 ADPCM
  
   D A D  g729            G.729
  
   DEV D  gif             GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)
  
   D A D  gsm             GSM
  
   D A D  gsm_ms          GSM Microsoft variant
  
   DEV D  h261            H.261
  
   DEVSDT h263            H.263 / H.263-1996
  
   D VSD  h263i           Intel H.263
  
    EV    h263p           H.263+ / H.263-1998 / H.263 version 2
  
   D V D  h264            H.264 / AVC / MPEG-4 AVC / MPEG-4 part 10
  
   D V D  h264_vdpau      H.264 / AVC / MPEG-4 AVC / MPEG-4 part 10 (VDPAU acceleration)
  
   DEVSD  huffyuv         Huffyuv / HuffYUV
  
   D V D  idcinvideo      id Quake II CIN video
  
   D V D  idf             iCEDraw text
  
   D V D  iff_byterun1    IFF ByteRun1
  
   D V D  iff_ilbm        IFF ILBM
  
   D A D  imc             IMC (Intel Music Coder)
  
   D V D  indeo2          Intel Indeo 2
  
   D V    indeo3          Intel Indeo 3
  
   D V    indeo4          Intel Indeo Video Interactive 4
  
   D V    indeo5          Intel Indeo Video Interactive 5
  
   D A D  interplay_dpcm  DPCM Interplay
  
   D V D  interplayvideo  Interplay MVE video
  
   DEV    j2k             JPEG 2000
  
   DEV D  jpegls          JPEG-LS
  
   D V D  jv              Bitmap Brothers JV video
  
   D V    kgv1            Kega Game Video
  
   D V D  kmvc            Karl Morton's video codec
  
   D V D  lagarith        Lagarith lossless
  
   DEA D  libgsm          libgsm GSM
  
   DEA D  libgsm_ms       libgsm GSM Microsoft variant
  
    EA    libmp3lame      libmp3lame MP3 (MPEG audio layer 3)
  
   DEA D  libopencore_amrnb OpenCORE Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) Narrow-Band
  
   D A D  libopencore_amrwb OpenCORE Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) Wide-Band
  
   DEV D  libopenjpeg     OpenJPEG based JPEG 2000 encoder
  
   DEV    libschroedinger libschroedinger Dirac 2.2
  
   DEA D  libspeex        libspeex Speex
  
    EV    libtheora       libtheora Theora
  
    EA    libvorbis       libvorbis Vorbis
  
   DEV    libvpx          libvpx VP8
  
    EV    libx264         libx264 H.264 / AVC / MPEG-4 AVC / MPEG-4 part 10
  
    EV    libx264rgb      libx264 H.264 / AVC / MPEG-4 AVC / MPEG-4 part 10 RGB
  
    EV    ljpeg           Lossless JPEG
  
   D V D  loco            LOCO
  
   D A D  mace3           MACE (Macintosh Audio Compression/Expansion) 3:1
  
   D A D  mace6           MACE (Macintosh Audio Compression/Expansion) 6:1
  
   D V D  mdec            Sony PlayStation MDEC (Motion DECoder)
  
   D V D  mimic           Mimic
  
   DEV D  mjpeg           MJPEG (Motion JPEG)
  
   D V D  mjpegb          Apple MJPEG-B
  
   D A D  mlp             MLP (Meridian Lossless Packing)
  
   D V D  mmvideo         American Laser Games MM Video
  
   D V D  motionpixels    Motion Pixels video
  
   D A D  mp1             MP1 (MPEG audio layer 1)
  
   D A D  mp1float        MP1 (MPEG audio layer 1)
  
   DEA D  mp2             MP2 (MPEG audio layer 2)
  
   D A D  mp2float        MP2 (MPEG audio layer 2)
  
   D A D  mp3             MP3 (MPEG audio layer 3)
  
   D A D  mp3adu          ADU (Application Data Unit) MP3 (MPEG audio layer 3)
  
   D A D  mp3adufloat     ADU (Application Data Unit) MP3 (MPEG audio layer 3)
  
   D A D  mp3float        MP3 (MPEG audio layer 3)
  
   D A D  mp3on4          MP3onMP4
  
   D A D  mp3on4float     MP3onMP4
  
   D A D  mpc7            Musepack SV7
  
   D A D  mpc8            Musepack SV8
  
   DEVSDT mpeg1video      MPEG-1 video
  
   D V DT mpeg1video_vdpau MPEG-1 video (VDPAU acceleration)
  
   DEVSDT mpeg2video      MPEG-2 video
  
   DEVSDT mpeg4           MPEG-4 part 2
  
   D V DT mpeg4_vdpau     MPEG-4 part 2 (VDPAU)
  
   D VSDT mpegvideo       MPEG-1 video
  
   D V DT mpegvideo_vdpau MPEG-1/2 video (VDPAU acceleration)
  
   D VSDT mpegvideo_xvmc  MPEG-1/2 video XvMC (X-Video Motion Compensation)
  
   DEVSD  msmpeg4         MPEG-4 part 2 Microsoft variant version 3
  
   D VSD  msmpeg4v1       MPEG-4 part 2 Microsoft variant version 1
  
   DEVSD  msmpeg4v2       MPEG-4 part 2 Microsoft variant version 2
  
   D V D  msrle           Microsoft RLE
  
   DEV D  msvideo1        Microsoft Video-1
  
   D V D  mszh            LCL (LossLess Codec Library) MSZH
  
   D V D  mxpeg           Mobotix MxPEG video
  
   DEA D  nellymoser      Nellymoser Asao
  
   D V D  nuv             NuppelVideo/RTJPEG
  
   DEV D  pam             PAM (Portable AnyMap) image
  
   DEV D  pbm             PBM (Portable BitMap) image
  
   DEA D  pcm_alaw        PCM A-law
  
   D A D  pcm_bluray      PCM signed 16|20|24-bit big-endian for Blu-ray media
  
   D A D  pcm_dvd         PCM signed 20|24-bit big-endian
  
   DEA D  pcm_f32be       PCM 32-bit floating point big-endian
  
   DEA D  pcm_f32le       PCM 32-bit floating point little-endian
  
   DEA D  pcm_f64be       PCM 64-bit floating point big-endian
  
   DEA D  pcm_f64le       PCM 64-bit floating point little-endian
  
   D A D  pcm_lxf         PCM signed 20-bit little-endian planar
  
   DEA D  pcm_mulaw       PCM mu-law
  
   DEA D  pcm_s16be       PCM signed 16-bit big-endian
  
   DEA D  pcm_s16le       PCM signed 16-bit little-endian
  
   D A D  pcm_s16le_planar PCM 16-bit little-endian planar
  
   DEA D  pcm_s24be       PCM signed 24-bit big-endian
  
   DEA D  pcm_s24daud     PCM D-Cinema audio signed 24-bit
  
   DEA D  pcm_s24le       PCM signed 24-bit little-endian
  
   DEA D  pcm_s32be       PCM signed 32-bit big-endian
  
   DEA D  pcm_s32le       PCM signed 32-bit little-endian
  
   DEA D  pcm_s8          PCM signed 8-bit
  
   D A D  pcm_s8_planar   PCM signed 8-bit planar
  
   DEA D  pcm_u16be       PCM unsigned 16-bit big-endian
  
   DEA D  pcm_u16le       PCM unsigned 16-bit little-endian
  
   DEA D  pcm_u24be       PCM unsigned 24-bit big-endian
  
   DEA D  pcm_u24le       PCM unsigned 24-bit little-endian
  
   DEA D  pcm_u32be       PCM unsigned 32-bit big-endian
  
   DEA D  pcm_u32le       PCM unsigned 32-bit little-endian
  
   DEA D  pcm_u8          PCM unsigned 8-bit
  
   D A D  pcm_zork        PCM Zork
  
   DEV D  pcx             PC Paintbrush PCX image
  
   DEV D  pgm             PGM (Portable GrayMap) image
  
   DEV D  pgmyuv          PGMYUV (Portable GrayMap YUV) image
  
   D S    pgssub          HDMV Presentation Graphic Stream subtitles
  
   D V D  pictor          Pictor/PC Paint
  
   DEV D  png             PNG image
  
   DEV D  ppm             PPM (Portable PixelMap) image
  
   DEV D  prores          Apple ProRes
  
   D V D  prores_lgpl     Apple ProRes (iCodec Pro)
  
   D V D  ptx             V.Flash PTX image
  
   D A D  qcelp           QCELP / PureVoice
  
   D A D  qdm2            QDesign Music Codec 2
  
   D V D  qdraw           Apple QuickDraw
  
   D V D  qpeg            Q-team QPEG
  
   DEV D  qtrle           QuickTime Animation (RLE) video
  
   DEV D  r10k            AJA Kona 10-bit RGB Codec
  
   DEV D  r210            Uncompressed RGB 10-bit
  
   DEV    rawvideo        raw video
  
   DEA D  real_144        RealAudio 1.0 (14.4K) encoder
  
   D A D  real_288        RealAudio 2.0 (28.8K)
  
   D V D  rl2             RL2 video
  
   DEA D  roq_dpcm        id RoQ DPCM
  
   DEV D  roqvideo        id RoQ video
  
   D V D  rpza            QuickTime video (RPZA)
  
   DEV D  rv10            RealVideo 1.0
  
   DEV D  rv20            RealVideo 2.0
  
   D V D  rv30            RealVideo 3.0
  
   D V D  rv40            RealVideo 4.0
  
   D A D  s302m           SMPTE 302M
  
   DEV    sgi             SGI image
  
   D A D  shorten         Shorten
  
   D A D  sipr            RealAudio SIPR / ACELP.NET
  
   D A D  smackaud        Smacker audio
  
   D V D  smackvid        Smacker video
  
   D V D  smc             QuickTime Graphics (SMC)
  
   DEV D  snow            Snow
  
   D A D  sol_dpcm        DPCM Sol
  
   DEA D  sonic           Sonic
  
    EA    sonicls         Sonic lossless
  
   D V D  sp5x            Sunplus JPEG (SP5X)
  
   DES    srt             SubRip subtitle
  
   D V D  sunrast         Sun Rasterfile image
  
   DEV D  svq1            Sorenson Vector Quantizer 1 / Sorenson Video 1 / SVQ1
  
   D VSD  svq3            Sorenson Vector Quantizer 3 / Sorenson Video 3 / SVQ3
  
   DEV D  targa           Truevision Targa image
  
   D VSD  theora          Theora
  
   D V D  thp             Nintendo Gamecube THP video
  
   D V D  tiertexseqvideo Tiertex Limited SEQ video
  
   DEV D  tiff            TIFF image
  
   D V D  tmv             8088flex TMV
  
   D A D  truehd          TrueHD
  
   D V D  truemotion1     Duck TrueMotion 1.0
  
   D V D  truemotion2     Duck TrueMotion 2.0
  
   D A D  truespeech      DSP Group TrueSpeech
  
   D A D  tta             True Audio (TTA)
  
   D A D  twinvq          VQF TwinVQ
  
   D V D  txd             Renderware TXD (TeXture Dictionary) image
  
   D V D  ultimotion      IBM UltiMotion
  
   D V D  utvideo         Ut Video
  
   DEV D  v210            Uncompressed 4:2:2 10-bit
  
   D V D  v210x           Uncompressed 4:2:2 10-bit
  
   DEV D  v308            Uncompressed packed 4:4:4
  
   DEV D  v410            Uncompressed 4:4:4 10-bit
  
   D V    vb              Beam Software VB
  
   D V D  vble            VBLE Lossless Codec
  
   D V D  vc1             SMPTE VC-1
  
   D V D  vc1_vdpau       SMPTE VC-1 VDPAU
  
   D V D  vc1image        Windows Media Video 9 Image v2
  
   D V D  vcr1            ATI VCR1
  
   D A D  vmdaudio        Sierra VMD audio
  
   D V D  vmdvideo        Sierra VMD video
  
   D V D  vmnc            VMware Screen Codec / VMware Video
  
   DEA D  vorbis          Vorbis
  
   D VSD  vp3             On2 VP3
  
   D V D  vp5             On2 VP5
  
   D V D  vp6             On2 VP6
  
   D V D  vp6a            On2 VP6 (Flash version, with alpha channel)
  
   D V D  vp6f            On2 VP6 (Flash version)
  
   D V D  vp8             On2 VP8
  
   D V D  vqavideo        Westwood Studios VQA (Vector Quantized Animation) video
  
   D A D  wavesynth       Wave synthesis pseudo-codec
  
   D A D  wavpack         WavPack
  
   D A    wmalossless     Windows Media Audio 9 Lossless
  
   D A D  wmapro          Windows Media Audio 9 Professional
  
   DEA D  wmav1           Windows Media Audio 1
  
   DEA D  wmav2           Windows Media Audio 2
  
   D A D  wmavoice        Windows Media Audio Voice
  
   DEVSD  wmv1            Windows Media Video 7
  
   DEVSD  wmv2            Windows Media Video 8
  
   D V D  wmv3            Windows Media Video 9
  
   D V D  wmv3_vdpau      Windows Media Video 9 VDPAU
  
   D V D  wmv3image       Windows Media Video 9 Image
  
   D V D  wnv1            Winnov WNV1
  
   D A D  ws_snd1         Westwood Audio (SND1)
  
   D A D  xan_dpcm        DPCM Xan
  
   D V D  xan_wc3         Wing Commander III / Xan
  
   D V D  xan_wc4         Wing Commander IV / Xxan
  
   D V D  xbin            eXtended BINary text
  
   D V D  xl              Miro VideoXL
  
   DES    xsub            DivX subtitles (XSUB)
  
   DEV D  xwd             XWD (X Window Dump) image
  
   DEV D  y41p            Uncompressed YUV 4:1:1 12-bit
  
   D V    yop             Psygnosis YOP Video
  
   DEV D  yuv4            Uncompressed packed 4:2:0
  
   DEV D  zlib            LCL (LossLess Codec Library) ZLIB
  
   DEV D  zmbv            Zip Motion Blocks Video

  Library we use to convert :

  public function getAvailableAudioCodecs()
  
      {
  
          return array('libvo_aacenc', 'libfaac', 'libmp3lame');
  
      }

  By default I use 'libmp3lame' now because 'libfaac' is not supported by ffmpeg
  and when Im trying to encode sound by libfaac I'm getting that codec not found

  Thanks in advance !

• Banking Data Strategies – A Primer to Zero-party, First-party, Second-party and Third-party data

  25 octobre 2024, par Daniel Crough — Banking and Financial Services, Privacy

  Banks hold some of our most sensitive information. Every transaction, loan application, and account balance tells a story about their customers’ lives. Under GDPR and banking regulations, protecting this information isn’t optional – it’s essential.

  Yet banks also need to understand how customers use their services to serve them better. The solution lies in understanding different types of banking data and how to handle each responsibly. From direct customer interactions to market research, each data source serves a specific purpose and requires its own privacy controls.

  Before diving into how banks can use each type of data effectively, let’s look into the key differences between them :

  Data Type	What It Is	Banking Example	Legal Considerations
  First-party	Data from direct customer interactions with your services	Transaction records, service usage patterns	Different legal bases apply (contract, legal obligation, legitimate interests)
  Zero-party	Information customers actively provide	Stated preferences, financial goals	Requires specific legal basis despite being voluntary ; may involve profiling
  Second-party	Data shared through formal partnerships	Insurance history from partners	Must comply with PSD2 and specific data sharing regulations
  Third-party	Data from external providers	Market analysis, demographic data	Requires due diligence on sources and specific transparency measures

  What is first-party data ?

  

  First-party data reveals how customers actually use your banking services. When someone logs into online banking, withdraws money from an ATM, or speaks with customer service, they create valuable information about real banking habits.

  This direct interaction data proves more reliable than assumptions or market research because it shows genuine customer behaviour. Banks need specific legal grounds to process this information. Basic banking services fall under contractual necessity, while fraud detection is required by law. Marketing activities need explicit customer consent. The key is being transparent with customers about what information you process and why.

  Start by collecting only what you need for each specific purpose. Store information securely and give customers clear control through privacy settings. This approach builds trust while helping meet privacy requirements under the GDPR’s data minimisation principle.

  What is zero-party data ?

  

  Zero-party data emerges when customers actively share information about their financial goals and preferences. Unlike first-party data, which comes from observing customer behaviour, zero-party data comes through direct communication. Customers might share their retirement plans, communication preferences, or feedback about services.

  Interactive tools create natural opportunities for this exchange. A retirement calculator helps customers plan their future while revealing their financial goals. Budget planners offer immediate value through personalised advice. When customers see clear benefits, they’re more likely to share their preferences.

  However, voluntary sharing doesn’t mean unrestricted use. The ICO’s guidance on purpose limitation applies even to freely shared information. Tell customers exactly how you’ll use their data, document specific reasons for collecting each piece of information, and make it simple to update or remove personal data.

  Regular reviews help ensure you still need the information customers have shared. This aligns with both GDPR requirements and customer expectations about data management. By treating voluntary information with the same care as other customer data, banks build lasting trust.

  What is second-party data ?

  

  Second-party data comes from formal partnerships between banks and trusted companies. For example, a bank might work with an insurance provider to better understand shared customers’ financial needs.

  These partnerships need careful planning to protect customer privacy. The ICO’s Data Sharing Code provides clear guidelines : both organisations must agree on what data they’ll share, how they’ll protect it, and how long they’ll keep it before any sharing begins.

  Transparency builds trust in these arrangements. Tell customers about planned data sharing before it happens. Explain what information you’ll share and how it helps provide better services.

  Regular audits help ensure both partners maintain high privacy standards. Review shared data regularly to confirm it’s still necessary and properly protected. Be ready to adjust or end partnerships if privacy standards slip. Remember that your responsibility to protect customer data extends to information shared with partners.

  Successful partnerships balance improved service with diligent privacy protection. When done right, they help banks understand customer needs better while maintaining the trust that makes banking relationships work.

  What is third-party data ?

  

  Third-party data comes from external sources outside your bank and its partners. Market research firms, data analytics companies, and economic research organizations gather and sell this information to help banks understand broader market trends.

  This data helps fill knowledge gaps about the wider financial landscape. For example, third-party data might reveal shifts in consumer spending patterns across different age groups or regions. It can show how customers interact with different financial services or highlight emerging banking preferences in specific demographics.

  But third-party data needs careful evaluation before use. Since your bank didn’t collect this information directly, you must verify both its quality and compliance with privacy laws. Start by checking how providers collected their data and whether they had proper consent. Look for providers who clearly document their data sources and collection methods.

  Quality varies significantly among third-party data providers. Some key questions to consider before purchasing :

  • How recent is the data ?
  • How was it collected ?
  • What privacy protections are in place ?
  • How often is it updated ?
  • Which specific market segments does it cover ?

  Consider whether third-party data will truly add value beyond your existing information. Many banks find they can gain similar insights by analysing their first-party data more effectively. If you do use third-party data, document your reasons for using it and be transparent about your data sources.

  Creating your banking data strategy

  

  A clear data strategy helps your bank collect and use information effectively while protecting customer privacy. This matters most with first-party data – the information that comes directly from your customers’ banking activities.

  Start by understanding what data you already have. Many banks collect valuable information through everyday transactions, website visits, and customer service interactions. Review these existing data sources before adding new ones. Often, you already have the insights you need – they just need better organization.

  Map each type of data to a specific purpose. For example, transaction data might help detect fraud and improve service recommendations. Website analytics could reveal which banking features customers use most. Each data point should serve a clear business purpose while respecting customer privacy.

  Strong data quality standards support better decisions. Create processes to update customer information regularly and remove outdated records. Check data accuracy often and maintain consistent formats across your systems. These practices help ensure your insights reflect reality.

  Remember that strategy means choosing what not to do. You don’t need to collect every piece of data possible. Focus on information that helps you serve customers better while maintaining their privacy.

  Managing multiple data sources

  

  Banks work with many types of data – from direct customer interactions to market research. Each source serves a specific purpose, but combining them effectively requires careful planning and precise attention to regulations like GDPR and ePrivacy.

  First-party data forms your foundation. It shows how your customers actually use your services and what they need from their bank. This direct interaction data proves most valuable because it reflects real behaviour rather than assumptions. When customers check their balances, transfer money, or apply for loans, they show you exactly how they use banking services.

  Zero-party data adds context to these interactions. When customers share their financial goals or preferences directly, they help you understand the “why” behind their actions. This insight helps shape better services. For example, knowing a customer plans to buy a house helps you offer relevant savings tools or mortgage information at the right time.

  Second-party partnerships can fill specific knowledge gaps. Working with trusted partners might reveal how customers manage their broader financial lives. But only pursue partnerships when they offer clear value to customers. Always explain these relationships clearly and protect shared information carefully.

  Third-party data helps provide market context, but use it selectively. External market research can highlight broader trends or opportunities. However, this data often proves less reliable than information from direct customer interactions. Consider it a supplement to, not a replacement for, your own customer insights.

  Keep these principles in mind when combining data sources :

  • Prioritize direct customer interactions
  • Focus on information that improves services
  • Maintain consistent privacy standards across sources
  • Document where each insight comes from
  • Review regularly whether each source adds value
  • Work with privacy and data experts to ensure customer information is handled properly

  Enhance your web analytics strategy with Matomo

  

  The financial sector finds powerful and compliant web analytics increasingly valuable as it navigates data management and privacy regulations. Matomo provides a configurable privacy-centric solution that meets the requirements of banks and financial institutions.

  Matomo empowers your organisation to :

  • Collect accurate, GDPR-compliant web data
  • Integrate web analytics with your existing tools and platforms
  • Maintain full control over your analytics data
  • Gain insights without compromising user privacy

  Matomo is trusted by some of the world’s biggest banks and financial institutions. Try Matomo for free for 30 days to see how privacy-focused analytics can get you the insights you need while maintaining compliance and user trust.

• Cohort Analysis 101 : How-To, Examples & Top Tools

  13 novembre 2023, par Erin — Analytics Tips

  Imagine that a farmer is trying to figure out why certain hens are laying large brown eggs and others are laying average-sized white eggs.

  The farmer decides to group the hens into cohorts based on what kind of eggs they lay to make it easier to detect patterns in their day-to-day lives. After careful observation and analysis, she discovered that the hens laying big brown eggs ate more than the roost’s other hens.

  With this cohort analysis, the farmer deduced that a hen’s body weight directly corresponds to egg size. She can now develop a strategy to increase the body weight of her hens to sell more large brown eggs, which are very popular at the weekly farmers’ market.

  Cohort analysis has a myriad of applications in the world of web analytics. Like our farmer, you can use it to better understand user behaviour and reap the benefits of your efforts. This article will discuss the best practices for conducting an effective cohort analysis and compare the top cohort analysis tools for 2024. 

  What is cohort analysis ?

  By definition, cohort analysis refers to a technique where users are grouped based on shared characteristics or behaviours and then examined over a specified period.

  Think of it as a marketing superpower, enabling you to comprehend user behaviours, craft personalised campaigns and allocate resources wisely, ultimately resulting in improved performance and better ROI.

  Why does cohort analysis matter ?

  In web analytics, a cohort is a group of users who share a certain behaviour or characteristic. The goal of cohort analysis is to uncover patterns and compare the performance and behaviour of different cohorts over time.

  An example of a cohort is a group of users who made their first purchase during the holidays. By analysing this cohort, you could learn more about their behaviour and buying patterns. You may discover that this cohort is more likely to buy specific product categories as holiday gifts — you can then tailor future holiday marketing campaigns to include these categories. 

  Types of cohort analysis

  There are a few different types of notable cohorts : 

  1. Time-based cohorts are groups of users categorised by a specific time. The example of the farmer we went over at the beginning of this section is a great example of a time-based cohort.
  2. Acquisition cohorts are users acquired during a specific time frame, event or marketing channel. Analysing these cohorts can help you determine the value of different acquisition methods. 
  3. Behavioural cohorts consist of users who show similar patterns of behaviour. Examples include frequent purchases with your mobile app or digital content engagement. 
  4. Demographic cohorts share common demographic characteristics like age, gender, education level and income. 
  5. Churn cohorts are buyers who have cancelled a subscription/stopped using your service within a specific time frame. Analysing churn cohorts can help you understand why customers leave.
  6. Geographic cohorts are pretty self-explanatory — you can use them to tailor your marketing efforts to specific regions. 
  7. Customer journey cohorts are based on the buyer lifecycle — from acquisition to adoption to retention. 
  8. Product usage cohorts are buyers who use your product/service specifically (think basic users, power users or occasional users). 

  Best practices for conducting a cohort analysis 

  So, you’ve decided you want to understand your user base better but don’t know how to go about it. Perhaps you want to reduce churn and create a more engaging user experience. In this section, we’ll walk you through the dos and don’ts of conducting an effective cohort analysis. Remember that you should tailor your cohort analysis strategy for organisation-specific goals.

  

  1. Preparing for cohort analysis : 

  • • First, define specific goals you want your cohort analysis to achieve. Examples include improving conversion rates or reducing churn.
    • Choosing the right time frame will help you compare short-term vs. long-term data trends. 

  2. Creating effective cohorts : 

  • • Define your segmentation criteria — anything from demographics to location, purchase history or user engagement level. Narrowing in on your specific segments will make your cohort analysis more precise. 
    • It’s important to find a balance between cohort size and similarity. If your cohort is too small and diverse, you won’t be able to find specific behavioural patterns.

  3. Performing cohort analysis :

  • • • Study retention rates across cohorts to identify patterns in user behaviour and engagement over time. Pay special attention to cohorts with high retention or churn rates. 
      • Analysing cohorts can reveal interesting behavioural insights — how do specific cohorts interact with your website ? Do they have certain preferences ? Why ? 

  4. Visualising and interpreting data :

  • • Visualising your findings can be a great way to reveal patterns. Line charts can help you spot trends, while bar charts can help you compare cohorts.
    • Guide your analytics team on how to interpret patterns in cohort data. Watch for sudden drops or spikes and what they could mean. 

  5. Continue improving :

  • • User behaviour is constantly evolving, so be adaptable. Continuous tracking of user behaviour will help keep your strategies up to date. 
    • Encourage iterative analysis optimisation based on your findings. 

  

  The top cohort analysis tools for 2024

  In this section, we’ll go over the best cohort analysis tools for 2024, including their key features, cohort analysis dashboards, cost and pros and cons.

  1. Matomo

  

  Matomo is an open-source, GDPR-compliant web analytics solution that offers cohort analysis as a standard feature in Matomo Cloud and is available as a plugin for Matomo On-Premise. Pairing traditional web analytics with cohort analysis will help you gain even deeper insights into understanding user behaviour over time. 

  You can use the data you get from web analytics to identify patterns in user behaviour and target your marketing strategies to specific cohorts. 

  Key features

  • Matomo offers a cohorts table that lets you compare cohorts side-by-side, and it comes with a time series.
    • All core session and conversion metrics are also available in the Cohorts report.
  • Create custom segments based on demographics, geography, referral sources, acquisition date, device types or user behaviour. 
  • Matomo provides retention analysis so you can track how many users from a specific cohort return to your website and when. 
  • Flexibly analyse your cohorts with custom reports. Customise your reports by combining metrics and dimensions specific to different cohorts. 
  • Create cohorts based on events or interactions with your website. 
  • Intuitive, colour-coded data visualisation, so you can easily spot patterns.

  Pros

  • No setup is needed if you use the JavaScript tracker
  • You can fetch cohort without any limit
  • 100% accurate data, no AI or Machine Learning data filling, and without the use of data sampling

  Cons

  • Matomo On-Premise (self-hosted) is free, but advanced features come with additional charges
  • Servers and technical know-how are required for Matomo On-Premise. Alternatively, for those not ready for self-hosting, Matomo Cloud presents a more accessible option and starts at $19 per month.

  Price : 

  • Matomo Cloud : 21-day free trial, then starts at $19 per month (includes Cohorts).
  • Matomo On-Premise : Free to self-host ; Cohorts plugin : 30-day free trial, then $99 per year.

  2. Mixpanel

  

  Mixpanel is a product analytics tool designed to help teams better understand user behaviour. It is especially well-suited for analysing user behaviour on iOS and Android apps. It offers various cohort analytics features that can be used to identify patterns and engage your users. 

  Key features

  • Create cohorts based on criteria such as sign-up date, first purchase date, referral source, geographic location, device type or another custom event/property. 
  • Compare how different cohorts engage with your app with Mixpanel’s comparative analysis features.
  • Create interactive dashboards, charts and graphs to visualise data.
  • Mixpanel provides retention analysis tools to see how often users return to your product over time. 
  • Send targeted messages and notifications to specific cohorts to encourage user engagement, announce new features, etc. 
  • Track and analyse user behaviours within cohorts — understand how different types of users engage with your product.

  Pros

  • Easily export cohort analysis data for further analysis
  • Combined with Mixpanel reports, cohorts can be a powerful tool for improving your product

  Cons

  • With the free Mixpanel plan, you can’t save cohorts for future use
  • Enterprise-level pricing is expensive
  • Time-consuming cohort creation process

  Price : Free basic version. The growth version starts at £16/month.

  3. Amplitude

  

  Amplitude is another product analytics solution that can help businesses track user interactions across digital platforms. Amplitude offers a standard toolkit for in-depth cohort analysis.

  Key features

  • Create cohorts based on criteria such as sign-up date, first purchase date, referral source, geographic location, device type or another custom event/property. 
  • Conduct behavioural, time-based and retention analyses.
  • Create custom reports with custom data.
  • Segment cohorts further based on additional criteria and compare multiple cohorts side-by-side.

  Pros

  • Highly customisable and flexible
  • Quick and simple setup

  Cons

  • Steep learning curve — requires significant training 
  • Slow loading speed
  • High price point compared to other tools

  Price : Free basic version. Plus version starts at £40/month (billed annually).

  4. Kissmetrics

  

  Kissmetrics is a customer engagement automation platform that offers powerful analytics features. Kissmetrics provides behavioural analytics, segmentation and email campaign automation. 

  Key features

  • Create cohorts based on demographics, user behaviour, referral sources, events and specific time frames.
  • The user path tool provides path visualisation so you can identify common paths users take and spot abandonment points. 
  • Create and optimise conversion funnels.
  • Customise events, user properties, funnels, segments, cohorts and more.

  Pros

  • Powerful data visualisation options
  • Highly customisable

  Cons

  • Difficult to install
  • Not well-suited for small businesses
  • Limited integration with other tools

  Price : Starting at £21/month for 10k events (billed monthly).

  Improve your cohort analysis with Matomo

  When choosing a cohort analysis tool, consider factors such as the tool’s ease of integration with your existing systems, data accuracy, the flexibility it offers in defining cohorts, the comprehensiveness of reporting features, and its scalability to accommodate the growth of your data and analysis needs over time. Moreover, it’s essential to confirm GDPR compliance to uphold rigorous privacy standards. 

  If you’re ready to understand your user’s behaviour, take Matomo for a test drive. Paired with web analytics, this powerful combination can advance your marketing efforts. Start your 21-day free trial today — no credit card required.