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• Error in making animation through ffmpeg (python3.9)

  20 avril 2024, par Taehyung Ghim

  When I try to make 2D animation map for cow tracking(matching 2 camera views) through ffmpeg, following error occurs.

  


  
raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '['ffmpeg', '-f', 'rawvideo', '-vcodec', 'rawvideo', '-s', '4000x4000', '-pix_fmt', 'rgba', '-r', '5', '-loglevel', 'error', '-i', 'pipe:', '-vcodec', 'h264', '-pix_fmt', 'yuv420p', '-metadata', 'artist=Me', '-y', '../out_detect/run7/TRACKS_ANIMATION_fused.mp4']' returned non-zero exit status 1.



  


  Following is the full error :

  


  &#xA;Plotting the last 1800.9391813674797 frames.&#xA;INFO:Animation.save using <class>&#xA;INFO:MovieWriter._run: running command: ffmpeg -f rawvideo -vcodec rawvideo -s 4000x4000 -pix_fmt rgba -r 5 -loglevel error -i pipe: -vcodec h264 -pix_fmt yuv420p -metadata artist=Me -y ../out_detect/run7/TRACKS_ANIMATION_fused.mp4&#xA;WARNING:MovieWriter stderr:&#xA;[libopenh264 @ 0x55b93df81fc0] [OpenH264] this = 0x0x55b93df8ef10, Error:ParamValidationExt(), width > 0, height > 0, width * height &lt;= 9437184, invalid 4000 x 4000 in dependency layer settings!&#xA;[libopenh264 @ 0x55b93df81fc0] [OpenH264] this = 0x0x55b93df8ef10, Error:WelsInitEncoderExt(), ParamValidationExt failed return 2.&#xA;[libopenh264 @ 0x55b93df81fc0] [OpenH264] this = 0x0x55b93df8ef10, Error:CWelsH264SVCEncoder::Initialize(), WelsInitEncoderExt failed.&#xA;[libopenh264 @ 0x55b93df81fc0] Initialize failed&#xA;Error initializing output stream 0:0 -- Error while opening encoder for output stream #0:0 - maybe incorrect parameters such as bit_rate, rate, width or height&#xA;   &#xA;&#xA; Traceback (most recent call last):&#xA;      File "/home/rom/anaconda3/envs/cow_tracking_env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/animation.py", line 236, in saving&#xA;        yield self&#xA;      File "/home/rom/anaconda3/envs/cow_tracking_env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/animation.py", line 1095, in save&#xA;        writer.grab_frame(**savefig_kwargs)&#xA;      File "/home/rom/anaconda3/envs/cow_tracking_env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/animation.py", line 353, in grab_frame&#xA;        self.fig.savefig(self._proc.stdin, format=self.frame_format,&#xA;      File "/home/rom/anaconda3/envs/cow_tracking_env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/figure.py", line 3012, in savefig&#xA;        self.canvas.print_figure(fname, **kwargs)&#xA;      File "/home/rom/anaconda3/envs/cow_tracking_env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/backend_bases.py", line 2314, in print_figure&#xA;        result = print_method(&#xA;      File "/home/rom/anaconda3/envs/cow_tracking_env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/backend_bases.py", line 1643, in wrapper&#xA;        return func(*args, **kwargs)&#xA;      File "/home/rom/anaconda3/envs/cow_tracking_env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/_api/deprecation.py", line 412, in wrapper&#xA;        return func(*inner_args, **inner_kwargs)&#xA;      File "/home/rom/anaconda3/envs/cow_tracking_env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py", line 486, in print_raw&#xA;        fh.write(renderer.buffer_rgba())&#xA;    BrokenPipeError: [Errno 32] Broken pipe&#xA;During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:&#xA;Traceback (most recent call last):&#xA;  File "/home/rom/PycharmProjects/cow_tracking_package/tracking-cows/main.py", line 330, in <module>&#xA;    inference_tracking_video(opt=args, device=dev, detector=detector, keypoint_tfm=keypoint_tfm,&#xA;  File "/home/rom/PycharmProjects/cow_tracking_package/tracking-cows/tracking.py", line 325, in inference_tracking_video&#xA;    postprocess_tracking_results(track_args=track_args, cfg_postprocess=cfg_matching_parameters.POSTPROCESS,&#xA;  File "/home/rom/PycharmProjects/cow_tracking_package/tracking-cows/postprocessing/postprocess_results.py", line 90, in postprocess_tracking_results&#xA;    postprocess_trajectories(track_args=track_args, analysis_matching_cfg=cfg_analysis)&#xA;  File "/home/rom/PycharmProjects/cow_tracking_package/tracking-cows/postprocessing/postprocess_results.py", line 58, in postprocess_trajectories&#xA;    analyse_trajectories(analysis_arguments, full_width, full_height, video_fps, frame_rate_animation)&#xA;  File "/home/rom/PycharmProjects/cow_tracking_package/tracking-cows/postprocessing/trajectory_postprocess.py", line 115, in analyse_trajectories&#xA;    create_virtual_map_animation_final(opt.save_dir, final_matching_both_cams, color_dict3, full_width,&#xA;  File "/home/rom/PycharmProjects/cow_tracking_package/tracking-cows/output/output_plot_fused_trajectory_animation.py", line 236, in create_virtual_map_animation_final&#xA;    virtual_map_animation.save(traj_file_path, writer=writer)&#xA;  File "/home/rom/anaconda3/envs/cow_tracking_env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/animation.py", line 1095, in save&#xA;    writer.grab_frame(**savefig_kwargs)&#xA;  File "/home/rom/anaconda3/envs/cow_tracking_env/lib/python3.9/contextlib.py", line 137, in __exit__&#xA;    self.gen.throw(typ, value, traceback)&#xA;  File "/home/rom/anaconda3/envs/cow_tracking_env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/animation.py", line 238, in saving&#xA;    self.finish()&#xA;  File "/home/rom/anaconda3/envs/cow_tracking_env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/animation.py", line 344, in finish&#xA;    self._cleanup()  # Inline _cleanup() once cleanup() is removed.&#xA;  File "/home/rom/anaconda3/envs/cow_tracking_env/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/animation.py", line 375, in _cleanup&#xA;    raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(&#xA;subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command &#x27;[&#x27;ffmpeg&#x27;, &#x27;-f&#x27;, &#x27;rawvideo&#x27;, &#x27;-vcodec&#x27;, &#x27;rawvideo&#x27;, &#x27;-s&#x27;, &#x27;4000x4000&#x27;, &#x27;-pix_fmt&#x27;, &#x27;rgba&#x27;, &#x27;-r&#x27;, &#x27;5&#x27;, &#x27;-loglevel&#x27;, &#x27;error&#x27;, &#x27;-i&#x27;, &#x27;pipe:&#x27;, &#x27;-vcodec&#x27;, &#x27;h264&#x27;, &#x27;-pix_fmt&#x27;, &#x27;yuv420p&#x27;, &#x27;-metadata&#x27;, &#x27;artist=Me&#x27;, &#x27;-y&#x27;, &#x27;../out_detect/run7/TRACKS_ANIMATION_fused.mp4&#x27;]&#x27; returned non-zero exit status 1.&#xA;&#xA;</module></class>

  


  ffmpeg version is 4.3 built with gcc 7.3.0. and OS is Ubuntu 20.04
and my conda env is below.

  


  channels:
  - pytorch
  - defaults
dependencies:
  - _libgcc_mutex=0.1=main
  - _openmp_mutex=4.5=1_gnu
  - blas=1.0=mkl
  - bzip2=1.0.8=h7b6447c_0
  - ca-certificates=2021.10.26=h06a4308_2
  - certifi=2021.10.8=py39h06a4308_2
  - cudatoolkit=11.3.1=h2bc3f7f_2
  - ffmpeg=4.3=hf484d3e_0
  - freetype=2.11.0=h70c0345_0
  - giflib=5.2.1=h7b6447c_0
  - gmp=6.2.1=h2531618_2
  - gnutls=3.6.15=he1e5248_0
  - intel-openmp=2021.4.0=h06a4308_3561
  - jpeg=9d=h7f8727e_0
  - lame=3.100=h7b6447c_0
  - lcms2=2.12=h3be6417_0
  - ld_impl_linux-64=2.35.1=h7274673_9
  - libffi=3.3=he6710b0_2
  - libgcc-ng=9.3.0=h5101ec6_17
  - libgomp=9.3.0=h5101ec6_17
  - libiconv=1.15=h63c8f33_5
  - libidn2=2.3.2=h7f8727e_0
  - libpng=1.6.37=hbc83047_0
  - libstdcxx-ng=9.3.0=hd4cf53a_17
  - libtasn1=4.16.0=h27cfd23_0
  - libtiff=4.2.0=h85742a9_0
  - libunistring=0.9.10=h27cfd23_0
  - libuv=1.40.0=h7b6447c_0
  - libwebp=1.2.0=h89dd481_0
  - libwebp-base=1.2.0=h27cfd23_0
  - lz4-c=1.9.3=h295c915_1
  - mkl=2021.4.0=h06a4308_640
  - mkl-service=2.4.0=py39h7f8727e_0
  - mkl_fft=1.3.1=py39hd3c417c_0
  - mkl_random=1.2.2=py39h51133e4_0
  - ncurses=6.3=h7f8727e_2
  - nettle=3.7.3=hbbd107a_1
  - numpy=1.21.2=py39h20f2e39_0
  - numpy-base=1.21.2=py39h79a1101_0
  - olefile=0.46=pyhd3eb1b0_0
  - openh264=2.1.0=hd408876_0
  - openssl=1.1.1m=h7f8727e_0
  - pillow=8.4.0=py39h5aabda8_0
  - pip=21.2.4=py39h06a4308_0
  - python=3.9.7=h12debd9_1
  - pytorch=1.10.0=py3.9_cuda11.3_cudnn8.2.0_0
  - pytorch-mutex=1.0=cuda
  - readline=8.1=h27cfd23_0
  - setuptools=58.0.4=py39h06a4308_0
  - six=1.16.0=pyhd3eb1b0_0
  - sqlite=3.36.0=hc218d9a_0
  - tk=8.6.11=h1ccaba5_0
  - torchaudio=0.10.0=py39_cu113
  - torchvision=0.11.1=py39_cu113
  - typing_extensions=3.10.0.2=pyh06a4308_0
  - wheel=0.37.0=pyhd3eb1b0_1
  - xz=5.2.5=h7b6447c_0
  - zlib=1.2.11=h7b6447c_3
  - zstd=1.4.9=haebb681_0
  - pip:
    - absl-py==1.0.0
    - addict==2.4.0
    - cachetools==4.2.4
    - charset-normalizer==2.0.8
    - cloudpickle==2.0.0
    - cycler==0.11.0
    - cython==0.29.24
    - docutils==0.18.1
    - easydict==1.9
    - filterpy==1.4.5
    - fonttools==4.28.2
    - geohash2==1.1
    - google-auth==2.3.3
    - google-auth-oauthlib==0.4.6
    - grpcio==1.42.0
    - idna==3.3
    - imageio==2.13.5
    - importlib-metadata==4.8.2
    - joblib==1.1.0
    - kiwisolver==1.3.2
    - loguru==0.6.0
    - markdown==3.3.6
    - matplotlib==3.5.0
    - natsort==8.0.2
    - networkx==2.6.3
    - oauthlib==3.1.1
    - opencv-python==4.5.4.60
    - packaging==21.3
    - pandas==1.3.4
    - protobuf==3.19.1
    - pyasn1==0.4.8
    - pyasn1-modules==0.2.8
    - pycocotools==2.0.4
    - pyparsing==3.0.6
    - pyqt5==5.15.6
    - pyqt5-qt5==5.15.2
    - pyqt5-sip==12.9.0
    - python-dateutil==2.8.2
    - pytz==2021.3
    - pytz-deprecation-shim==0.1.0.post0
    - pywavelets==1.2.0
    - pyyaml==6.0
    - requests==2.26.0
    - requests-oauthlib==1.3.0
    - rsa==4.8
    - scikit-image==0.19.1
    - scikit-learn==1.0.2
    - scipy==1.7.3
    - seaborn==0.11.2
    - setuptools-scm==6.3.2
    - shapely==1.8.0
    - sklearn==0.0
    - split-folders==0.4.3
    - tabulate==0.8.9
    - tensorboard==2.7.0
    - tensorboard-data-server==0.6.1
    - tensorboard-plugin-wit==1.8.0
    - terminaltables==3.1.10
    - thop==0.0.31-2005241907
    - threadpoolctl==3.1.0
    - tifffile==2021.11.2
    - timm==0.4.12
    - tomli==1.2.2
    - tqdm==4.62.3
    - traja==0.2.8
    - tzdata==2021.5
    - tzlocal==4.1
    - urllib3==1.26.7
    - werkzeug==2.0.2
    - yacs==0.1.8
    - yapf==0.32.0
    - zipp==3.6.0


  


  I also installed ffmpy through conda.

  


  It will be very grateful if anyone could help me.

  


• Unknown input format : 'rawvideo' when trying to save animation

  8 juin 2022, par John Klint

  So, I get a strange error trying to save animations created with matplotlib.FuncAnimation using FFMpegWriter.

  


  /home/j/PycharmProjects/venvtest/venv/bin/python /home/j/PycharmProjects/venvtest/main.py&#xA;MovieWriter stderr:&#xA;Unknown input format: &#x27;rawvideo&#x27;&#xA;&#xA;Traceback (most recent call last):&#xA;  File "/home/j/PycharmProjects/venvtest/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/animation.py", line 234, in saving&#xA;    yield self&#xA;  File "/home/j/PycharmProjects/venvtest/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/animation.py", line 1093, in save&#xA;    writer.grab_frame(**savefig_kwargs)&#xA;  File "/home/j/PycharmProjects/venvtest/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/animation.py", line 351, in grab_frame&#xA;    self.fig.savefig(self._proc.stdin, format=self.frame_format,&#xA;  File "/home/j/PycharmProjects/venvtest/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/figure.py", line 3046, in savefig&#xA;    self.canvas.print_figure(fname, **kwargs)&#xA;  File "/home/j/PycharmProjects/venvtest/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/backend_bases.py", line 2319, in print_figure&#xA;    result = print_method(&#xA;  File "/home/j/PycharmProjects/venvtest/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/backend_bases.py", line 1648, in wrapper&#xA;    return func(*args, **kwargs)&#xA;  File "/home/j/PycharmProjects/venvtest/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/_api/deprecation.py", line 415, in wrapper&#xA;    return func(*inner_args, **inner_kwargs)&#xA;  File "/home/j/PycharmProjects/venvtest/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py", line 486, in print_raw&#xA;    fh.write(renderer.buffer_rgba())&#xA;BrokenPipeError: [Errno 32] Broken pipe&#xA;&#xA;During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:&#xA;&#xA;Traceback (most recent call last):&#xA;  File "/home/j/PycharmProjects/venvtest/main.py", line 24, in <module>&#xA;    anim.save(&#x27;basic_animation.mp4&#x27;, writer=FFwriter)&#xA;  File "/home/j/PycharmProjects/venvtest/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/animation.py", line 1093, in save&#xA;    writer.grab_frame(**savefig_kwargs)&#xA;  File "/usr/lib/python3.9/contextlib.py", line 137, in __exit__&#xA;    self.gen.throw(typ, value, traceback)&#xA;  File "/home/j/PycharmProjects/venvtest/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/animation.py", line 236, in saving&#xA;    self.finish()&#xA;  File "/home/j/PycharmProjects/venvtest/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/animation.py", line 342, in finish&#xA;    self._cleanup()  # Inline _cleanup() once cleanup() is removed.&#xA;  File "/home/j/PycharmProjects/venvtest/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/animation.py", line 373, in _cleanup&#xA;    raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(&#xA;subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command &#x27;[&#x27;/usr/bin/ffmpeg&#x27;, &#x27;-f&#x27;, &#x27;rawvideo&#x27;, &#x27;-vcodec&#x27;, &#x27;rawvideo&#x27;, &#x27;-s&#x27;, &#x27;640x480&#x27;, &#x27;-pix_fmt&#x27;, &#x27;rgba&#x27;, &#x27;-r&#x27;, &#x27;5&#x27;, &#x27;-loglevel&#x27;, &#x27;error&#x27;, &#x27;-i&#x27;, &#x27;pipe:&#x27;, &#x27;-vcodec&#x27;, &#x27;h264&#x27;, &#x27;-pix_fmt&#x27;, &#x27;yuv420p&#x27;, &#x27;-y&#x27;, &#x27;basic_animation.mp4&#x27;]&#x27; returned non-zero exit status 1.&#xA;&#xA;Process finished with exit code 1&#xA;</module>

  


  I am confident it has nothing to do with the animation data, the error occurs even when I create a simple test animation :

  


  import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import animation
# plt.rcParams['animation.ffmpeg_path'] = '/usr/bin/ffmpeg'

fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.axes(xlim=(0, 2), ylim=(-2, 2))
line, = ax.plot([], [], lw=2)


def init():
    line.set_data([], [])
    return line,


def animate(i):
    x = np.linspace(0, 2, 1000)
    y = np.sin(2 * np.pi * (x - 0.01 * i))
    line.set_data(x, y)
    return line,


anim = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, animate, init_func=init,
                           frames=200, interval=20, blit=True)

FFwriter = animation.FFMpegWriter()
anim.save('basic_animation.mp4', writer=FFwriter)


  


  I am currently using PyCharm in LinuxMint and I have a fairly new version of FFMpeg (4.2.4) installed. Given that FFMpeg complains about 'rawvideo' which as far as I understand it is just a bunch of images in series, it seems unlikely this has anything to do with codecs. If I run ffmpeg -formats, sure enough rawvideo is in the list.

  


  I have tried manually setting plt.rcParams, like in the commented line in the code above, with no success. I have also tried setting up both anaconda and venv environments, but I get the same error.
Annoyingly, I did not have this problem a few months ago when I was using Ubuntu. I have also verified that it works on my friends Ubuntu desktop, using the same simple venv as I set up for myself.

  


  Any ideas ?

  


  EDIT : I use the fish shell, if that is relevant...

  


  Well this is peculiar. If I start a terminal from within PyCharm and check supported formats, I get the following :

  


  (venv) ffmpeg -formats
ffmpeg version 4.3.4 Copyright (c) 2000-2021 the FFmpeg developers
  built with gcc 11.3.0 (GCC)
  configuration: --prefix=/usr --libdir=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu --disable-debug --disable-doc --disable-static --enable-optimizations --enable-shared --disable-everything --enable-ffplay --enable-ffprobe --enable-gnutls --enable-libaom --enable-libdav1d --enable-libfdk-aac --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libfontconfig --enable-libfreetype --enable-libopus --enable-libpulse --enable-libspeex --enable-libtheora --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libwebp --enable-openal --enable-opengl --enable-sdl2 --enable-vulkan --enable-zlib --enable-libv4l2 --enable-libxcb --enable-vdpau --enable-vaapi --enable-encoder='ac3,alac,flac,libfdk_aac,g723_1,mp2,libmp3lame,libopus,libspeex,pcm_alaw,pcm_mulaw,pcm_f32le,pcm_s16be,pcm_s24be,pcm_s16le,pcm_s24le,pcm_s32le,pcm_u8,tta,libvorbis,wavpack,' --enable-encoder='ass,ffv1,libaom_av1,libvpx_vp8,libvpx_vp9,mjpeg_vaapi,rawvideo,theora,vp8_vaapi,libopenh264' --enable-decoder='adpcm_g722,alac,flac,g723_1,g729,libfdk_aac,libopus,libspeex,mp2,mp3,m4a,pcm_alaw,pcm_mulaw,pcm_f16le,pcm_f24le,pcm_f32be,pcm_f32le,pcm_f64be,pcm_f64le,pcm_s16be,pcm_s16be_planar,pcm_s24be,pcm_s16le,pcm_s16le_planar,pcm_s24le,pcm_s24le_planar,pcm_s32le,pcm_s32le_planar,pcm_s64be,pcm_s64le,pcm_s8,pcm_s8_planar,pcm_u8,pcm_u24be,pcm_u24le,pcm_u32be,pcm_u32le,tta,vorbis,wavpack,' --enable-decoder='ass,ffv1,mjpeg,mjpegb,libaom_av1,libdav1d,libvpx_vp8,libvpx_vp9,rawvideo,theora,vp8,vp9,libopenh264' --enable-encoder='bmp,gif,jpegls,png,tiff,webp,' --enable-decoder='bmp,gif,jpegls,png,tiff,webp,' --enable-hwaccel='vp8_vaapi,mjpeg_vaapi,' --enable-parser='aac,ac3,flac,mjpeg,mpegaudio,mpeg4video,opus,vp3,vp8,vp9,vorbis,' --enable-muxer='ac3,ass,flac,g722,gif,matroska,mp3,mpegvideo,rtp,ogg,opus,pcm_s16be,pcm_s16le,wav,webm,' --enable-demuxer='aac,ac3,ass,flac,g722,gif,image_jpeg_pipe,image_png_pipe,image_webp_pipe,matroska,mjpeg,mov,mp3,mpegvideo,ogg,pcm_mulaw,pcm_alaw,pcm_s16be,pcm_s16le,rtp,wav,' --enable-filter='crop,scale,overlay,amix,amerge,aresample,format,aformat,fps,transpose,pad,' --enable-protocol='crypto,file,pipe,rtp,srtp,rtsp,tcp,udp,unix,' --arch=x86_64 --enable-libopenh264
  libavutil      56. 51.100 / 56. 51.100
  libavcodec     58. 91.100 / 58. 91.100
  libavformat    58. 45.100 / 58. 45.100
  libavdevice    58. 10.100 / 58. 10.100
  libavfilter     7. 85.100 /  7. 85.100
  libswscale      5.  7.100 /  5.  7.100
  libswresample   3.  7.100 /  3.  7.100
File formats:
 D. = Demuxing supported
 .E = Muxing supported
 --
 D  aac             raw ADTS AAC (Advanced Audio Coding)
 DE ac3             raw AC-3
 D  alaw            PCM A-law
 D  asf             ASF (Advanced / Active Streaming Format)
 DE ass             SSA (SubStation Alpha) subtitle
 DE flac            raw FLAC
 DE g722            raw G.722
 DE gif             CompuServe Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)
 D  jpeg_pipe       piped jpeg sequence
  E matroska        Matroska
 D  matroska,webm   Matroska / WebM
 D  mjpeg           raw MJPEG video
 D  mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 QuickTime / MOV
 DE mp3             MP3 (MPEG audio layer 3)
 D  mpegts          MPEG-TS (MPEG-2 Transport Stream)
 D  mpegvideo       raw MPEG video
 D  mulaw           PCM mu-law
 DE ogg             Ogg
  E opus            Ogg Opus
 D  png_pipe        piped png sequence
 D  rm              RealMedia
 DE rtp             RTP output
 DE s16be           PCM signed 16-bit big-endian
 DE s16le           PCM signed 16-bit little-endian
 D  sdp             SDP
 DE wav             WAV / WAVE (Waveform Audio)
  E webm            WebM
 D  webp_pipe       piped webp sequence



  


  As is evident, there is no support for 'rawvideo' in the list above ! Very strange indeed, I do not know which ffmpeg this list belongs to, perhaps it is a version integrated into matplotlib's animation class ?

  


  Anyway, if I uncomment the line setting the ffmpeg_path I am back at the old error. I did get it to work however, by changing the path from '/usr/bin/ffmpeg' to '/home/j/.conda/envs/venvtest/bin/ffmpeg'. Then I get the file to run, create the animation and save it. This works for my real files as well, which do not even run that particular conda-environment. They do not recognize or find the ffmpeg I have in /usr/bin though. I have no clue why but at least I have a workaround now.

  


  Final edit :
It is solved. It was flatpak's fault. Lesson is, don't use flatpak (or snap for that matter) to install Pycharm.

  


• Google Analytics Privacy Issues : Is It Really That Bad ?

  2 juin 2022, par Erin

  If you find yourself asking : “What’s the deal with Google Analytics privacy ?”, you probably have some second thoughts. 

  Your hunch is right. Google Analytics (GA) is a popular web analytics tool, but it’s far from being perfect when it comes to respecting users’ privacy. 

  This post helps you understand tremendous Google Analytics privacy concerns users, consumers and regulators expressed over the years.

  In this blog, we’ll cover :

  What Does Google Analytics Collect About Users ? 

  To understand Google Analytics privacy issues, you need to know how Google treats web users’ data. 

  By default, Google Analytics collects the following information : 

  • Session statistics — duration, page(s) viewed, etc. 
  • Referring website details — a link you came through or keyword used. 
  • Approximate geolocation — country, city. 
  • Browser and device information — mobile vs desktop, OS usage, etc. 

  Google obtains web analytics data about users via two means : an on-site Google Analytics tracking code and cookies.

  A cookie is a unique identifier (ID) assigned to each user visiting a web property. Each cookie stores two data items : unique user ID and website name. 

  With the help of cookies, web analytics solutions can recognise returning visitors and track their actions across the website(s).

  

  • First party cookies are generated by one website and collect user behaviour data from said website only. 
  • Third-party cookies are generated by a third-party website object (for example, an ad) and can track user behaviour data across multiple websites. 

  As it’s easy to imagine, third-party cookies are a goldmine for companies selling online ads. Essentially, they allow ad platforms to continue watching how the user navigates the web after clicking a certain link. 

  Yet, people have little clue as to which data they are sharing and how it is being used. Also, user consent to tracking across websites is only marginally guaranteed by existing Google Analytics controls. 

  Why Third-Party Cookie Data Collection By GA Is Problematic 

  Cookies can transmit personally identifiable information (PII) such as name, log in details, IP address, saved payment method and so on. Some of these details can end up with advertisers without consumers’ direct knowledge or consent.

  Regulatory frameworks such as General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in Europe and California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) emerged as a response to uncontrolled user behaviour tracking.

  Under regulatory pressure, Big Tech companies had to adapt their data collection process.

  Apple was the first to implement by-default third-party blocking in the Safari browser. Then added a tracking consent mechanism for iPhone users starting from iOS 15.2 and later. 

  Google, too, said it would drop third-party cookie usage after The European Commission and UK’s Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) launched antitrust investigations into its activity. 

  To shake off the data watchdogs, Google released a Privacy Sandbox — a set of progressive tech, operational and compliance changes for ensuring greater consumer privacy. 

  Google’s biggest promise : deprecate third-party cookies usage for all web and mobile products. 

  Originally, Google promised to drop third-party cookies by 2022, but that didn’t happen. Instead, Google delayed cookie tracking depreciation for Chrome until the second half of 2023. 

  Why did they push back on this despite hefty fines from regulators ?

  Because online ads make Google a lot of money.

  In 2021, Alphabet Inc (parent company of Google), made $256.7 billion in revenue, of which $209.49 billion came from selling advertising. 

  Lax Google Analytics privacy enforcement — and its wide usage by website owners — help Google make those billions from collecting and selling user data. 

  How Google Uses Collected Google Analytics Data for Advertising 

  Over 28 million websites (or roughly 85% of the Internet) have Google Analytics tracking codes installed. 

  Even if one day we get a Google Analytics version without cookies, it still won’t address all the privacy concerns regulators and consumers have. 

  Over the years, Google has accumulated an extensive collection of user data. The company’s engineers used it to build state-of-the-art deep learning models, now employed to build advanced user profiles. 

  Deep learning is the process of training a machine to recognise data patterns. Then this “knowledge” is used to produce highly-accurate predictive insights. The more data you have for model training — the better its future accuracy will be. 

  Google has amassed huge deposits of data from its collection of products — GA, YouTube, Gmail, Google Docs and Google Maps among others. Now they are using this data to build a third-party cookies-less alternative mechanism for modelling people’s preferences, habits, lifestyles, etc. 

  Their latest model is called Google Topics. 

  This comes only after Google’s failed attempt to replace cookie-based training with Federated Learning of Cohorts (FLoC) model. But the solution wasn’t offering enough user transparency and user controls among other issues.

  

  Google Topics promises to limit the granularity of data advertisers get about users. 

  But it’s still a web user surveillance method. With Google Topics, the company will continue collecting user data via Chrome (and likely other Google products) — and share it with advertisers. 

  Because as we said before : Google is in the business of profiting off consumers’ data. 

  Two Major Ways Google Takes Advantage of Customer Data

  Every bit of data Google collects across its ecosystem of products can be used in two ways :

  • For ad targeting and personalisation 
  • To improve Google’s products 

  The latter also helps the former. 

  Advanced Ad Personalisation and Targeting

  GA provides the company with ample data on users’ 

  • Recent and frequent searches 
  • Location history
  • Visited websites
  • Used apps 
  • Videos and ads viewed 
  • Personal data like age or gender 

  The company’s privacy policy explicitly states that :
  

  

  Google also admits to using collected data to “measure the effectiveness of advertising” and “personalise content and ads you see on Google.” 

  But there are no further elaborations on how exactly customers’ data is used — and what you can do to prevent it from being shared with third parties. 

  In some cases, Google also “forgets” to inform users about its in-product tracking.

  Journalists from CNBC and The New York Times independently concluded that Google monitors users’ Gmail activity. In particular, the company scans your inbox for recent purchases, trips, flights and bills notifications. 

  While Google says that this information isn’t sold to advertisers (directly), they still may use the “saved information about your orders in other Google services”. 

  Once again, this means you have little control or knowledge of subsequent data usage. 

  Improving Product Usability 

  Google has many “arms” to collect different data points — from user’s search history to frequently-travelled physical routes. 

  They also reserve the right to use these insights for improving existing products. 

  Here’s what it means : by combining different types of data points obtained from various products, Google can pierce a detailed picture of a person’s life. Even if such user profile data is anonymised, it is still alarmingly accurate. 

  Douglas Schmidt, a computer science researcher at Vanderbilt University, well summarised the matter : 

  “[Google’s] business model is to collect as much data about you as possible and cross-correlate it so they can try to link your online persona with your offline persona. This tracking is just absolutely essential to their business. ‘Surveillance capitalism’ is a perfect phrase for it.”

  Google Data Collection Obsession Is Backed Into Its Business Model 

  OK, but Google offers some privacy controls to users ? Yes. Google only sees and uses the information you voluntarily enter or permit them to access. 

  But as the Washington Post correspondent points out :

  “[Big Tech] companies get to set all the rules, as long as they run those rules by consumers in convoluted terms of service that even those capable of decoding the legalistic language rarely bother to read. Other mechanisms for notice and consent, such as opt-outs and opt-ins, create similar problems. Control for the consumer is mostly an illusion.”

  Google openly claims to be “one of many ad networks that personalise ads based on your activity online”. 

  The wrinkle is that they have more data than all other advertising networks (arguably combined). This helps Google sell high-precision targeting and contextually personalised ads for billions of dollars annually.

  Given that Google has stakes in so many products — it’s really hard to de-Google your business and minimise tracking and data collection from the company.
  

  They are also creating a monopoly on data collection and ownership. This fact makes regulators concerned. The 2021 antitrust lawsuit from the European Commission says : 

  “The formal investigation will notably examine whether Google is distorting competition by restricting access by third parties to user data for advertising purposes on websites and apps while reserving such data for its own use.”

  In other words : By using consumer data to its unfair advantage, Google allegedly shuts off competition.

  But that’s not the only matter worrying regulators and consumers alike. Over the years, Google also received numerous other lawsuits for breaching people’s privacy, over and over again. 

  Here’s a timeline : 

  • 2019 : UK citizens issued a class action suit against Google for imposing cookies to override users’ privacy settings in the Safari browser. 
  • 2020 : US citizens pushed for a $5 billion class-action suit for tracking their activity through browsers set in “private” mode.
  • 2022 : Another class-action lawsuit in the US for deceptive privacy controls and unconsented location data tracking by Google mobile apps. 
  • 2022 : Google reached a $100 million class-action settlement for breaching Illinois biometrics privacy laws in Google Photos. 

  Separately, Google has a very complex history with GDPR compliance. 

  How Google Analytics Contributes to the Web Privacy Problem 

  Google Analytics is the key puzzle piece that supports Google’s data-driven business model. 

  If Google was to release a privacy-focused Google Analytics alternative, it’d lose access to valuable web users’ data and a big portion of digital ad revenues. 

  Remember : Google collects more data than it shares with web analytics users and advertisers. But they keep a lot of it for personal usage — and keep looking for ways to share this intel with advertisers (in a way that keeps regulators off their tail).

  For Google Analytics to become truly ethical and privacy-focused, Google would need to change their entire revenue model — which is something they are unlikely to do.

  Where does this leave Google Analytics users ? 

  In a slippery territory. By proxy, companies using GA are complicit with Google’s shady data collection and usage practice. They become part of the problem.

  In fact, Google Analytics usage opens a business to two types of risks : 

  • Reputational. 77% of global consumers say that transparency around how data is collected and used is important to them when interacting with different brands. That’s why data breaches and data misuse by brands lead to major public outrages on social media and boycotts in some cases. 
  • Legal. EU regulators are on a continuous crusade against Google Analytics 4 (GA4) as it is in breach of GDPR. French and Austrian watchdogs ruled the “service” illegal. Since Google Analytics is not GDPR compliant, it opens any business using it to lawsuits (which is already happening).

  But there’s a way out.

  Choose a Privacy-Friendly Google Analytics Alternative 

  Google Analytics is a popular web analytics service, but not the only one available. You have alternatives such as Matomo. 

  Our guiding principle is : respecting privacy.

  Unlike Google Analytics, we leave data ownership 100% in users’ hands. Matomo lets you implement privacy-centred controls for user data collection.

  Plus, you can self-host Matomo On-Premise or choose Matomo Cloud with data securely stored in the EU and in compliance with GDPR.

  The best part ? You can try our ethical alternative to Google Analytics for free. No credit card required ! Start your free 21-day trial now. 

  21 day free trial. No credit card required.

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  I hereby accept the terms and conditions and the data processing agreeement (DPA).

  
  Your information will be used to create an account on our cloud service. For more information please consult our privacy policy.
  
  

  » Start improving your websites now