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• Recording Video and Voice at the same time to .mp4 on raspbarry pi

  18 juin 2014, par SunBae Yim

  I tried for 3 months, But can’t resolved it.
  on Raspberry Pi.

  I want to recording video and voice to mp4, And Realtime streaming(Mjpeg) no delay.

  Of course, It has Pi Camera Module.
  And I installed a soundcard as below.

  pi@raspberrypi ~ $ aplay -l
  
  **** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
  
  card 0: sndrpiproto [snd_rpi_proto], device 0: WM8731 HiFi wm8731-hifi-0 []
  
    Subdevices: 1/1
  
    Subdevice #0: subdevice #0

  First Goal is :

  Recording voice(aac or mp3) and video(h264) at the same time to .mp4.
  h264 and aac are combined into mp4 container.
  I failed make it using ffmpeg. too difficult.

  Sencond Goal is :

  Realtime Streaming for MJPEG.
  I receive stream using Safari, Chrome, FireFox, Explorer on Windows & Android.
  And using IP CAM VIEWER of Android App.

  I tried various solution,
  But most solutions are only video no voice.

  Third Goal is :

  Above Functions are run at the same time on Raspberry Pi.
  Maybe I will make Python and Shell Scripts files for run above solution at the same time.

  Please Help me !

  Thanks,
  SB YIM

• real time video streaming in C#

  16 juin 2016, par Nuwan

  I’m developing an application for real time streaming. Two parts include for the streaming.
  I use a capture card to capture some live source and need to stream in real time.
  and also need to stream a local video file.

  To stream local video file in real time I use emgu cv to capture the video frame as bitmaps.
  To achieve this I create the bitmap list and I save captured bitmap to this list using one thread.
  and also I display those frames in a picture box. Bitmap list can store 1 second video. if frame rate is
  30 it will store 30 video frames. After filling this list I start another thread to encode that 1 second chunk
  video.

  For encoding purpose I use ffmpeg wrapper called nreco. I write that video frames to ffmpeg
  and start the ffmpeg to encode. After stopping that task I can get encoded data as byte array.

  Then I’m sending that data using UDP protocol through LAN.

  This works fine. But I cannot achieve the smooth streaming. When I received stream via VLC player there is some millisecond of delay between packets and also I noticed there a frame lost.

  private Capture _capture = null;
  
  Image frame;
  
  
  
  // Here I capture the frames and store them in a list
  
  private void ProcessFrame(object sender, EventArgs arg)
  
  {
  
       frame = _capture.QueryFrame();
  
       frameBmp = new Bitmap((int)frameWidth, (int)frameHeight, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);
  
       frameBmp = frame.ToBitmap(); 
  
  
  
  
  
   twoSecondVideoBitmapFramesForEncode.Add(frameBmp);
  
                          ////}
  
       if (twoSecondVideoBitmapFramesForEncode.Count == (int)FrameRate)
  
       {
  
           isInitiate = false;
  
           thread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(encodeTwoSecondVideo));
  
           thread.IsBackground = true;
  
           thread.Start();
  
       }  
  
   }
  
  
  
  public void encodeTwoSecondVideo()
  
  {
  
      List<bitmap> copyOfTwoSecondVideo = new List<bitmap>();
  
      copyOfTwoSecondVideo = twoSecondVideoBitmapFramesForEncode.ToList();
  
      twoSecondVideoBitmapFramesForEncode.Clear();
  
  
  
      int g = (int)FrameRate * 2;
  
  
  
      // create the ffmpeg task. these are the parameters i use for h264 encoding
  
  
  
          string outPutFrameSize = frameWidth.ToString() + "x" + frameHeight.ToString();
  
          //frame.ToBitmap().Save(msBit, frame.ToBitmap().RawFormat);
  
          ms = new MemoryStream();
  
          //Create video encoding task and set main parameters for the video encode
  
  
  
          ffMpegTask = ffmpegConverter.ConvertLiveMedia(
  
              Format.raw_video,
  
              ms,
  
              Format.h264,
  
              new ConvertSettings()
  
              {
  
  
  
                  CustomInputArgs = " -pix_fmt bgr24 -video_size " + frameWidth + "x" + frameHeight + " -framerate " + FrameRate + " ", // windows bitmap pixel format
  
                  CustomOutputArgs = " -threads 7 -preset ultrafast -profile:v baseline -level 3.0 -tune zerolatency -qp 0 -pix_fmt yuv420p -g " + g + " -keyint_min " + g + " -flags -global_header -sc_threshold 40 -qscale:v 1 -crf 25 -b:v 10000k -bufsize 20000k -s " + outPutFrameSize + " -r " + FrameRate + " -pass 1 -coder 1 -movflags frag_keyframe -movflags +faststart -c:a libfdk_aac -b:a 128k "
  
                  //VideoFrameSize = FrameSize.hd1080,
  
                  //VideoFrameRate = 30
  
  
  
              });
  
  
  
          ////////ffMpegTask.Start();
  
          ffMpegTask.Start();
  
  
  
  
  
        // I get the 2 second chunk video bitmap from the list and write to the ffmpeg 
  
    foreach (var item in copyOfTwoSecondVideo)
  
          {
  
              id++;
  
              byte[] buf = null;
  
              BitmapData bd = null;
  
              Bitmap frameBmp = null;
  
  
  
              Thread.Sleep((int)(1000.5 / FrameRate));
  
  
  
              bd = item.LockBits(new Rectangle(0, 0, item.Width, item.Height), ImageLockMode.ReadOnly, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);
  
              buf = new byte[bd.Stride * item.Height];
  
              Marshal.Copy(bd.Scan0, buf, 0, buf.Length);
  
              ffMpegTask.Write(buf, 0, buf.Length);
  
              item.UnlockBits(bd);
  
          }
  
     }
  
  </bitmap></bitmap>

  This is the process I used to achieve the live streaming. But the stream is not smooth. I tried using a queue instead
  of list to reduce the the latency to fill the list. Because I thought that latency happens encoding thread encode
  and send 2 second video very quickly. But when it finishes this encoding process of bitmap list not
  completely full. So encoding thread will stop until the next 2 second video is ready.

  If any one can help me to figure this out, it is very grateful. If the way of I’m doing this is wrong, please correct me.
  Thank You !

• Your introduction to personally identifiable information : What is PII ?

  15 janvier 2020, par Joselyn Khor — Analytics Tips, Privacy, Security
  When it comes to personally identifiable information (PII), people are becoming more concerned with data privacy. Identifiable information can be used for illegal purposes like identity theft and fraud. 

  So how can you protect yourself as an innocent web browser ?

  If you’re a website owner – how do you protect users and your company from falling prey to privacy breaches ?

  As one of the most trusted analytics companies, we feel our readers would benefit from being as informed as possible about data privacy issues and PII. Learn how you can keep yours or others’ information safe.

  

  Table of Contents

  What does PII stand for ?

  PII acronym

  PII is an acronym for personally identifiable information.

  PII definition

  Personally identifiable information (PII) is a term mainly used in the United States.

  The appendix of OMB M-10-23 (Guidance for Agency Use of Third-Party Website and Applications) gives this definition for PII :

  “The term ‘personally identifiable information’ refers to information which can be used to distinguish or trace an individual’s identity, such as their name, social security number, biometric records, etc. alone, or when combined with other personal or identifying information which is linked or linkable to a specific individual, such as date and place of birth, mother’s maiden name, etc.”

  What can be considered personally identifiable information (PII) ? Some PII examples :

  • Full name/usernames
  • Home address/mailing address
  • Email address
  • Credit card numbers
  • Date of birth
  • Phone numbers
  • Login details

  • Precise locations
  • Account numbers
  • Passwords
  • Security codes (including biometric records)
  • Personal identification numbers
  • Driver license number
  • Get a more comprehensive list here

  What’s non-PII ?

  Anonymous information, or information that can’t be traced back to an individual, can be considered non-PII. 

  Who is affected by the exploitation of PII ?

  Anyone can be affected by the misuse of personal data. Websites can compromise your privacy by mishandling or illegally selling/sharing your data. That may lead identity theft, account fraud and account takeovers. The fear is falling victim to such fraudulent activity. 

  PII can also be an issue when employees have access to the database and the data is not encrypted. For example, anyone working in a bank can access your accounts ; and anyone working at Facebook can read your messages. This shows how privacy breaches can easily happen when employees have access to PII.

  Website owner’s responsibility for data privacy (PII and analytics)

  If you’re using a web analytics tool like Google Analytics or Matomo, best practise is to not collect PII if possible. This is to better respect your website visitor’s privacy. 

  If you work in an industry which needs people to share personal information (e.g. healthcare, security industries, public sector), then you must collect and handle this data securely. 

  

  The US National Institute of Standards and Technology states : “The likelihood of harm caused by a breach involving PII is greatly reduced if an organisation minimises the amount of PII it uses, collects, and stores. For example, an organisation should only request PII in a new form if the PII is absolutely necessary.” 

  How you’re held accountable remains up to the privacy laws of the country you’re doing business in. Make sure you are fully aware of the privacy and data protection laws that relate specifically to you. 

  To reduce the risk of privacy breaches, try collecting as little PII as you can ; purging it as soon as you can ; and making sure your IT security is updated and protected against security threats. 

  With data collection tools like web analytics, data may be tracked through features like User ID, custom variables, and custom dimensions. Sometimes they are also harder to identify when they are present, for example, in page URLs, page titles, or referrers URLs. So make sure you’re optimising your web analytics tools’ settings to ensure you’re asking your users for consent and respecting users’ privacy.

  If you’re using a GDPR compliant tool like Matomo, learn how you can stop processing such personal data

  PII, GDPR and businesses in the US/EU

  You may get confused when considering PII and GDPR (which applies in the EU). The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) gives people in the EU more rights over “personal data” – which covers more identifiers than PII (more on PII vs personal data below). GDPR restricts the collection and processing of personal data so businesses need to handle this personal data carefully. 

  According to the GDPR, you can be fined up to 4% of their yearly revenue for data/privacy breaches or non-compliance. 

  

  In the US, there isn’t one overarching data protection law, but there are hundreds of laws on both the federal and state levels to protect PII of US residents. US Congress has enacted industry-specific statutes related to data privacy like HIPAA. Recently state of California also passed the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA). 

  To be on the safe side, if you’re using analytics, follow matters relating to “personal data” in the GDPR. It covers more when it comes to protecting user privacy. GDPR rules still apply whenever an EU citizen visits any non EU site (that processes personal data).

  Personally identifiable information (PII) vs personal data

  PII and “personal data” aren’t used interchangeably. All personal data can be PII, but not all PII can be defined as personal data.

  The definition of “personal data” according to the GDPR :

  

  This means “personal data” covers more identifiers, including online identifiers. Examples include : IP addresses and URL names. As well as seemingly “innocent” data like height, job position, company etc. 

  What’s seen as personal data depends on the context. If a piece of information can be combined with others to establish someone’s identity then that can be considered personal data. 

  Under GDPR, when processing personal data, you need explicit consent. So best to be compliant according to GDPR definitions of “personal data” not just what’s considered “PII”.

  How do you keep PII safe ?

  • Try not to give your data away so easily. Read through terms and conditions.
  • Don’t just click ‘agree’ when faced with consent screens, as consent screens are majorly flawed. 
  • Disable third party cookies by default. 
  • Use strong passwords.
  • Be wary of public wifi – hackers can easily access your PII or sensitive data. Use a VPN (virtual private network)
  • Read more on how to keep PII safe. For businesses here’s a checklist on PII compliance.

  How Matomo deals with PII and personal data

  Although Matomo Analytics is a web analytics tool that tracks user activity on your website, we take privacy and PII very seriously – on both our Cloud and On-Premise offerings. 

  If you’re using Matomo and would like to know how you can be fully GDPR compliant and protect user privacy, read more :
  

  • Learn how to not process any personally identifiable information – Anonymise IP addresses, user IDs, and order IDs
  • Matomo protects user privacy by talking the talk and walking the walk
  • Stay ahead of the GDPR with a privacy-respecting analytics platform
  • 11 ways Matomo helps you protect your visitor’s privacy

  Disclaimer

  We are not lawyers and don’t claim to be. The information provided here is to help give an introduction to issues you may encounter when dealing with PII. We encourage every business and website to take data privacy seriously and discuss these issues with your lawyer if you have any concerns. 

  Additional resources :

  • https://www.consumeraffairs.com/finance/identity-theft-statistics.html#identity-theft-trends-in-2019
  • https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/law-topic/data-protection_en
  • https://iclg.com/practice-areas/data-protection-laws-and-regulations/usa
  • https://www.csoonline.com/article/3215864/how-to-protect-personally-identifiable-information-pii-under-gdpr.html
  • https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-data-protection/guide-to-the-general-data-protection-regulation-gdpr/key-definitions/what-is-personal-data/