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• ffmpeg drawtext Arabic fonts doesn't render correctly [closed]

  11 février 2024, par Mahmoud Abdellatief

  what i'm trying to achieve :
loop an image into a video and overlay Arabic Text from the Qur'an on it including the text diacritical mark, using a custom font.

  


  example of the text to be rendered :

  


  بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ


  


  the font used :
https://fonts.qurancomplex.gov.sa/wp02/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/UthmanicHafs_v22.zip

  


  font's unicode module :

  


  Unicode Module 
 
The Research and Development Unit in the Computer Department at King Fahd Glorious Qur’an Printing Complex relied on the unicode system unicode to create (Hafs) font in the Uthmanic Script, because this system is followed globally among computer and systems manufacturing companies in the world.

Unicode organization is a global code group that is used to define all codes and letters used in most of the world's languages and gathered in one code to facilitate the presentation and delivery on information despite of the language used. This global coding uses 1 to 4 bytes (byte = 8 bits) to encode letters, and so far only a third of the number available in Unicode organization to encode the letters of these languages.

Taking into account Hafs font with the Uthmanic Script, which was built entirely on the unicode system. We can explore the basic letters that were formed according to the following figure:

Whereas the font was developed starting from code (0600 ) to code (066FF ) Taking into account there are several encoded letters that haven't been used at all so it was replaces with the code []. The displayed copy above is the one that is been developed from the basic Arabic coding (0600-06FF) which was updated by Unicode organization in 2009.


  


  expected result :
exported video with correctly rendered text using the given font.

  


  actual result :
the text rendered contains only the diacritical marks ( which are the accents on top of the letters ) without the actual letters.


  


  what i tried :
this is my test command which exports just an image for faster results :

  


  Ffmpeg -loop 1  -i "image-2.jpg" -vf "drawtext=text='بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ':fontsize=124:fontcolor=white:fontfile='UthmanicHafsV22.ttf':x=(w-text_w)/2:y=(h-text_h)/2" -frames:v 1  "output.png"


  


  

  • tried adding ft_load_flags , almost tried all of them

  


  • tried text_shaping=1 , with no success

  


  • tried textfile instead of text

  


  • tried changing the font, any font i try with it always have different problems, either some squares instead of the diacritical mark

  


  


  p.s im having same results on both latest ffmpeg compiled by myself on macos terminal with all required libraries enabled , and also on flutter ffmpeg kit full gpl

  


• Incrementality Testing : Quick-Start Guide (With Calculations)

  26 mars 2024, par Erin

  How do you know when a campaign is successful ? When you earn more revenue than last month ?

  Maybe.

  But how do you know how much of an impact a certain campaign or channel had on your sales ?

  With marketing attribution, you can determine credit for each sale.

  But if you want a deeper look, you need to understand the incremental impact of each channel and campaign.

  The way you do this ?

  Incrementality testing.

  In this guide, we break down what incrementality is, why it’s important and how to test it so you can double down on the activities driving the most growth.

  What is incrementality ?

  So, what exactly is incrementality ?

  Let’s say you just ran a marketing campaign for a new product. The launch was a success. Breakthrough numbers in your revenue. You used a variety of channels and activities to bring it all together.

  So, you launch a plan for next month’s campaign. But you don’t truly know what moved the needle.

  Did you just hit new highs because your audience is bigger ? And your brand is greater ?

  Or did the recent moves you made make a direct difference ?

  This is incrementality.

  

  Incrementality is growth directly attributed to marketing efforts beyond the overall impact of your brand. By measuring and conducting incrementality testing, you can clearly see how much of a difference each activity or channel truly impacted business growth. 

  What is incrementality testing ?

  Incrementality testing allows marketers to gauge the effectiveness of a marketing tactic or strategy. It tells you if a particular marketing activity had a positive, negative or neutral impact on your business. 

  It also tells you the overall impact it can have on your key performance indicators (KPIs). 

  The result ?

  You can pinpoint the highest-performing moves and incorporate them into your marketing workflows. You also discard marketing strategies with negligible, neutral or even negative impacts. 

  For example, let’s say you think a B2B LinkedIn ads campaign will help you reach your product launch goals. An incrementality test can tell you if the introduction of this campaign will help you get to the desired outcome.

  How incrementality testing works

  Before diving into your testing phase, you must clearly identify your KPIs.

  Here are the top KPIs you should be tracking on your website :

  • Ad impressions
  • Website visits
  • Leads
  • Sales

  The exact KPIs will depend on your marketing goals. You’re ready to move forward once you know your key performance indicators.

  Here’s how incrementality testing works step-by-step :

  1. Define a test and control group

  The first step is to define a test group and control group. 

  • A test group is a segment of your target audience that’s exposed to the marketing campaign. 
  • A control group is a segment that isn’t. 

  Keep in mind that both groups have similar demographics and other relevant characteristics. 

  2. Execute your campaign

  The second step is to run the marketing campaign on the test group. This can be a Facebook ad, LinkedIn ad or email marketing campaign.

  It all depends on your goals and your primary channels.

  3. Measure outcomes

  The third step is to measure the campaign’s impact based on your KPIs. 

  Let’s say a brand wants to see if a certain marketing move increases its leads. The test can tell them the number of email sign-ups with and without the campaign. 

  4. Compare results

  Next, compare the test group results with the control group. The difference in outcomes tells you the impact of that campaign. You can then use this difference to inform your future marketing strategies. 

  With Matomo, you can easily track results from campaigns — like conversions. 

  Our platform lets you quickly see what channels are getting the best results so you can gain insights into incrementality and optimise your strategy.

  Try Matomo for Free

  Get the web insights you need, without compromising data accuracy.

  Start for free

  No credit card required

  Why it’s important to conduct incrementality tests

  The digital marketing industry is constantly changing. Marketers need to stay on their toes to keep up. Incrementality tests help you stay on track.

  For example, let’s say you’re selling laptops. You can increase your warranty period to three years to see the impact on sales. An incrementality test will tell you if this move will boost your sales (and by how much).

  Now, let’s dive into the reasons why you need to consistently conduct incrementality tests :

  Determine the right tactics for success

  Identifying the best action to grow your business is a challenge every marketer faces.

  The best way to identify marketing tactics is by conducting incrementality testing. These tactics are bound to work since data back them. As a result, you can optimise your marketing budget and maximise your ROIs. 

  It lets you run multiple tests to identify the most impactful strategy between :

  • An email marketing strategy
  • A social media strategy 
  • A PPC ad

  For instance, an incrementality test might suggest email marketing will be more cost-effective than an ad campaign. What you can do is :

  • Expose the test group to the email marketing campaign and then compare the results with the control group
  • Expose the test group to the ad campaign and then compare its results with the control group

  Then, you can calculate the difference in results between the two marketing campaigns. This lets you focus on the strategy with a better ROI or ROAS potential. 

  Accurate data

  Marketing data is powerful. But getting accurate data can be challenging. With incrementality testing, you get to know the true impact of a marketing campaign. 

  Plus, with this testing strategy, you don’t have to waste your marketing budget. 

  With Matomo, you get 100% accurate data on all website activities. 

  Unlike Google Analytics, Matomo doesn’t rely on inaccurate data sampling — limiting the amount of data analysed.

  Try Matomo for Free

  Get the web insights you need, without compromising data accuracy.

  Start for free

  No credit card required

  Get the most out of your marketing investment

  Every business owner wants to maximise their return on investment. The ROI you get mainly depends on the marketing strategy. 

  For instance, email marketing offers an ROI of about 40:1 with some sources even reporting as high as 72:1.

  Incrementality testing helps you make informed investment decisions. With it, you can pinpoint the tactics that are most likely to bring the highest return. You can then focus your resources on them. It also helps you stay away from low-performing strategies. 

  Increase revenue

  It’s safe to say that the goal behind every marketing effort is a revenue boost. The higher your revenue, the more profits you generate. However, for many marketers, it’s an uphill battle. 

  With incrementality testing, you can boost your revenue by focusing your efforts in the right direction. 

  Get more traffic

  Incrementality testing tells you if a particular strategy can help you drive more traffic. You can use it to get more high-quality leads to your website or landing pages and double down on high-traffic strategies to increase those leads.

  How to test incrementality

  

  Developing an implementation plan is crucial to generate accurate insights from an incrementality test. Incrementality testing is like running a science experience. You need to go through several stages. Each stage is important for generating accurate results. 

  Here’s how you test incrementality :

  Define your goals

  Get clarity on what you want to achieve with this campaign. Which KPIs do you want to test ? Is it the return on your overall investment (ROI), return on ad spend (ROAS) or something else ?

  Segment your audience

  Selecting the right audience segment is crucial to getting accurate insights with an incrementality test. Decide the demographics and psychographics of the audience you want to target. Then, divide this audience segment into two sub-parts :

  • Test group (people you’ll expose to the marketing campaign)
  • Control group (people who won’t be exposed to the campaign)

  These groups are a part of the larger segment. This means people in both groups will have similar attributes. 

  Launch the test at the right time

  Before the launch, decide on the length of the test. Ideally, it should be at least one week. Don’t run any other campaigns in this window, as it can interfere with the results. 

  Analyse the data and take action

  Once the campaign is over, measure the results from both groups. Compare the data to identify incremental lift in your selected KPIs. 

  Let’s say you want to see if this campaign can boost your sales. Check to see if the test group responded differently than the control group. If the sales equal your desired outcome, you have a winning strategy. 

  Not all incrementality tests result in a positive incremental lift ; Some can be neutral, indicating that the campaign didn’t have any effect. Some can even indicate a negative lift, which means your core group performed better than the test group. 

  Lastly, take action based on the test findings. 

  Incrementality test examples 

  You can use incrementality testing to identify gaps and growth opportunities in your strategy. 

  Here’s an example :

  Let’s say a company runs an incrementality test on a YouTube marketing strategy for sales. The results indicate that the ROI was only $0.10, as the company makes $1.10 for every $1.00 spent. This alarms the marketing department and helps them optimise the campaign for a higher ROI. 

  Here’s another practical example :

  Let’s say a retail business wanted to test the effectiveness of its ad campaign. So, the retailer optimises its ad campaign after conducting an incrementality test on a test and control group. As a result, they experienced a 34% incremental increase in sales.

  How to calculate incrementality in marketing

  Once you’ve aggregated the data, it’s time to calculate. There are two ways to calculate incrementality :

  Incremental profit 

  The first one is incremental profit. It tells you how much profit you can generate with a strategy (If any). With it, you get the actual value of a marketing campaign. 

  It’s calculated with the following formula :

  Test group profit – control group profit = incremental profit 

  For example, let’s say you’re exposing a test group to a paid ads campaign. And it generates a profit of $3,000. On the other hand, the control group generated a $2,000 profit. 

  In this case, your incremental profit will be $1,000 ($3,000 – $2,000). 

  However, if the paid ads campaign generates a $2,000 profit, the incremental profit would be zero. Essentially, you’re generating the same profit as before, which means the campaign doesn’t work. Similarly, a marketing strategy is no good if it generates lower profits than the control group. 

  Incremental lift

  Incremental lift measures the difference in the conversions you generate with each group. 

  Here’s the formula :

  (Test – Control)/Control x 100 = Lift

  So, let’s say the test group and control group generated 2,000 and 1,000 conversions, respectively. 

  The incremental lift you’ll get from this incrementality test would be :

  (2,000 – 1,000)/1,000 x 100 = 100

  This turns out to be a 100% incremental lift.

  How to track incrementality with Matomo

  Incrementality testing lets you use a practical approach to identify the best marketing path for your business.

  It helps you develop a hyper-focused approach that gives you access to accurate and practical data. 

  With these insights, you can confidently move forward to maximise your ROI since it helps you focus on high-performing tactics. 

  The result is more revenue and profit for your business. 

  Plus, all you need to do is identify your target audience, divide them into two groups and run your test. Then, the results will be compared to determine if the marketing strategy offers any value. 

  Conducting incrementality tests may take time and expertise. 

  But, thanks to Matomo, you can leverage accurate insights for your incrementality tests to ensure you make the right decisions to grow your business.

  See for yourself why over 1 million websites choose Matomo. Try it free for 21-days now. No credit card required.

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• ffmpeg GRAY16 stream over network

  28 novembre 2023, par Norbert P.

  Im working in a school project where we need to use depth cameras. The camera produces color and depth (in other words 16bit grayscale image). We decided to use ffmpeg, as later on compression could be very useful. For now we got some basic stream running form one PC to other. These settings include :

  


  

  • rtmp

  


  • flv as container

  


  • pixel format AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P

  


  • codec AV_CODEC_ID_H264

  


  


  The problem we are having is with grayscale image. Not every codec is able to cope with this format, so as not every protocol able to work with given codec. I got some settings "working" but receiver side is just stuck on avformat_open_input() method.
I have also tested it with commandline where ffmpeg is listening for connection and same happens.

  


  I include a minimum "working" example of client code. Server can be tested with "ffmpeg.exe -f apng -listen 1 -i rtmp ://localhost:9999/stream/stream1 -c copy -f apng -listen 1 rtmp ://localhost:2222/live/l" or code below. I get no warnings, ffmpeg is newest version installed with "vcpkg install —triplet x64-windows ffmpeg[ffmpeg,ffprobe,zlib]" on windows or packet manager on linux.

  


  The question : Did I miss something ? How do I get it to work ? If you have any better ideas I would very gladly consider them. In the end I need 16 bits of lossless transmission, could be split between channels etc. which I also tried with same effect.

  


  Client code that would have camera and connect to server :

  


  extern "C" {&#xA;#include <libavutil></libavutil>opt.h>&#xA;#include <libavcodec></libavcodec>avcodec.h>&#xA;#include <libavutil></libavutil>channel_layout.h>&#xA;#include <libavutil></libavutil>common.h>&#xA;#include <libavformat></libavformat>avformat.h>&#xA;#include <libavcodec></libavcodec>avcodec.h>&#xA;#include <libavutil></libavutil>imgutils.h>&#xA;}&#xA;&#xA;int main() {&#xA;&#xA;    std::string container = "apng";&#xA;    AVCodecID codec_id = AV_CODEC_ID_APNG;&#xA;    AVPixelFormat pixFormat = AV_PIX_FMT_GRAY16BE;&#xA;&#xA;    AVFormatContext* format_ctx;&#xA;    AVCodec* out_codec;&#xA;    AVStream* out_stream;&#xA;    AVCodecContext* out_codec_ctx;&#xA;    AVFrame* frame;&#xA;    uint8_t* data;&#xA;&#xA;    std::string server = "rtmp://localhost:9999/stream/stream1";&#xA;&#xA;    int width = 1280, height = 720, fps = 30, bitrate = 1000000;&#xA;&#xA;    //initialize format context for output with flv and no filename&#xA;    avformat_alloc_output_context2(&amp;format_ctx, nullptr, container.c_str(), server.c_str());&#xA;    if (!format_ctx) {&#xA;        return 1;&#xA;    }&#xA;&#xA;    //AVIOContext for accessing the resource indicated by url&#xA;    if (!(format_ctx->oformat->flags &amp; AVFMT_NOFILE)) {&#xA;        int avopen_ret = avio_open(&amp;format_ctx->pb, server.c_str(),&#xA;            AVIO_FLAG_WRITE);// , nullptr, nullptr);&#xA;        if (avopen_ret &lt; 0) {&#xA;            fprintf(stderr, "failed to open stream output context, stream will not work\n");&#xA;            return 1;&#xA;        }&#xA;    }&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;    const AVCodec* tmp_out_codec = avcodec_find_encoder(codec_id);&#xA;    //const AVCodec* tmp_out_codec = avcodec_find_encoder_by_name("hevc");&#xA;    out_codec = const_cast(tmp_out_codec);&#xA;    if (!(out_codec)) {&#xA;        fprintf(stderr, "Could not find encoder for &#x27;%s&#x27;\n",&#xA;            avcodec_get_name(codec_id));&#xA;&#xA;        return 1;&#xA;    }&#xA;&#xA;    out_stream = avformat_new_stream(format_ctx, out_codec);&#xA;    if (!out_stream) {&#xA;        fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate stream\n");&#xA;        return 1;&#xA;    }&#xA;&#xA;    out_codec_ctx = avcodec_alloc_context3(out_codec);&#xA;&#xA;    const AVRational timebase = { 60000, fps };&#xA;    const AVRational dst_fps = { fps, 1 };&#xA;    av_log_set_level(AV_LOG_VERBOSE);&#xA;    //codec_ctx->codec_tag = 0;&#xA;    //codec_ctx->codec_id = codec_id;&#xA;    out_codec_ctx->codec_type = AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO;&#xA;    out_codec_ctx->width = width;&#xA;    out_codec_ctx->height = height;&#xA;    out_codec_ctx->gop_size = 1;&#xA;    out_codec_ctx->time_base = timebase;&#xA;    out_codec_ctx->pix_fmt = pixFormat;&#xA;    out_codec_ctx->framerate = dst_fps;&#xA;    out_codec_ctx->time_base = av_inv_q(dst_fps);&#xA;    out_codec_ctx->bit_rate = bitrate;&#xA;    //if (fctx->oformat->flags &amp; AVFMT_GLOBALHEADER)&#xA;    //{&#xA;    //    codec_ctx->flags |= AV_CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER;&#xA;    //}&#xA;&#xA;    out_stream->time_base = out_codec_ctx->time_base; //will be set afterwards by avformat_write_header to 1/1000&#xA;&#xA;    int ret = avcodec_parameters_from_context(out_stream->codecpar, out_codec_ctx);&#xA;    if (ret &lt; 0)&#xA;    {&#xA;        fprintf(stderr, "Could not initialize stream codec parameters!\n");&#xA;        return 1;&#xA;    }&#xA;&#xA;    AVDictionary* codec_options = nullptr;&#xA;    av_dict_set(&amp;codec_options, "tune", "zerolatency", 0);&#xA;&#xA;    // open video encoder&#xA;    ret = avcodec_open2(out_codec_ctx, out_codec, &amp;codec_options);&#xA;    if (ret &lt; 0)&#xA;    {&#xA;        fprintf(stderr, "Could not open video encoder!\n");&#xA;        return 1;&#xA;    }&#xA;    av_dict_free(&amp;codec_options);&#xA;&#xA;    out_stream->codecpar->extradata_size = out_codec_ctx->extradata_size;&#xA;    out_stream->codecpar->extradata = static_cast(av_mallocz(out_codec_ctx->extradata_size));&#xA;    memcpy(out_stream->codecpar->extradata, out_codec_ctx->extradata, out_codec_ctx->extradata_size);&#xA;&#xA;    av_dump_format(format_ctx, 0, server.c_str(), 1);&#xA;&#xA;    frame = av_frame_alloc();&#xA;&#xA;    int sz = av_image_get_buffer_size(pixFormat, width, height, 32);&#xA;#ifdef _WIN32&#xA;    data = (uint8_t*)_aligned_malloc(sz, 32);&#xA;    if (data == NULL)&#xA;        return ENOMEM;&#xA;#else&#xA;    ret = posix_memalign(reinterpret_cast(&amp;data), 32, sz);&#xA;#endif&#xA;    av_image_fill_arrays(frame->data, frame->linesize, data, pixFormat, width, height, 32);&#xA;    frame->format = pixFormat;&#xA;    frame->width = width;&#xA;    frame->height = height;&#xA;    frame->pts = 1;&#xA;    if (avformat_write_header(format_ctx, nullptr) &lt; 0) //Header making problems!!!&#xA;    {&#xA;        fprintf(stderr, "Could not write header!\n");&#xA;        return 1;&#xA;    }&#xA;&#xA;    printf("stream time base = %d / %d \n", out_stream->time_base.num, out_stream->time_base.den);&#xA;&#xA;    double inv_stream_timebase = (double)out_stream->time_base.den / (double)out_stream->time_base.num;&#xA;    printf("Init OK\n");&#xA;    /*  Init phase end*/&#xA;    int dts = 0;&#xA;    int frameNo = 0;&#xA;&#xA;    while (true) {&#xA;        //Fill dummy frame with something&#xA;        for (int y = 0; y &lt; height; y&#x2B;&#x2B;) {&#xA;            uint16_t color = ((y &#x2B; frameNo) * 256) % (256 * 256);&#xA;            for (int x = 0; x &lt; width; x&#x2B;&#x2B;) {&#xA;                data[x&#x2B;y*width] = color;&#xA;            }&#xA;        }&#xA;&#xA;        memcpy(frame->data[0], data, 1280 * 720 * sizeof(uint16_t));&#xA;        AVPacket* pkt = av_packet_alloc();&#xA;&#xA;        int ret = avcodec_send_frame(out_codec_ctx, frame);&#xA;        if (ret &lt; 0)&#xA;        {&#xA;            fprintf(stderr, "Error sending frame to codec context!\n");&#xA;            return ret;&#xA;        }&#xA;        while (ret >= 0) {&#xA;            ret = avcodec_receive_packet(out_codec_ctx, pkt);&#xA;            if (ret == AVERROR(EAGAIN) || ret == AVERROR_EOF)&#xA;                break;&#xA;            else if (ret &lt; 0) {&#xA;                fprintf(stderr, "Error during encoding\n");&#xA;                break;&#xA;            }&#xA;            pkt->dts = dts;&#xA;            pkt->pts = dts;&#xA;            dts &#x2B;= 33;&#xA;            av_write_frame(format_ctx, pkt);&#xA;            frameNo&#x2B;&#x2B;;&#xA;            av_packet_unref(pkt);&#xA;        }&#xA;        printf("Streamed %d frames\n", frameNo);&#xA;    }&#xA;    return 0;&#xA;}&#xA;

  


  And part of server that should receive. code where is stops and waits

  


  extern "C" {&#xA;#include <libavcodec></libavcodec>avcodec.h>&#xA;#include <libavformat></libavformat>avformat.h>&#xA;#include <libavformat></libavformat>avio.h>&#xA;}&#xA;&#xA;int main() {&#xA;    AVFormatContext* fmt_ctx = NULL;&#xA;    av_log_set_level(AV_LOG_VERBOSE);&#xA;    AVDictionary* options = nullptr;&#xA;    av_dict_set(&amp;options, "protocol_whitelist", "file,udp,rtp,tcp,rtmp,rtsp,hls", 0);&#xA;    av_dict_set(&amp;options, "timeout", "500000", 0); // Timeout in microseconds &#xA;&#xA;//Next Line hangs   &#xA;    int ret = avformat_open_input(&amp;fmt_ctx, "rtmp://localhost:9999/stream/stream1", NULL, &amp;options);&#xA;    if (ret != 0) {&#xA;        fprintf(stderr, "Could not open RTMP stream\n");&#xA;        return -1;&#xA;    }&#xA;&#xA;    // Find the first video stream&#xA;    ret = avformat_find_stream_info(fmt_ctx, nullptr);&#xA;    if (ret &lt; 0) {&#xA;        return ret;&#xA;    }&#xA;    //...&#xA;} &#xA;&#xA;

  


  Edit :
I tried to just create a animated png and tried to stream that from the console to another console window to avoid any programming mistakes on my side. It was the same, I just could not get 16 PNG encoded stream to work. I hung trying to receive and closed when the file ended with in total zero frames received.

  


  I managed to get other thing working :
To not encode gray frames with YUV420, I installed ffmpeg with libx264 support (was thinking is the same as H264, which in code is, but it adds support to new pixel formats). Used H264 again but with GRAY8 with doubled image width and reconstructing the image on the other side.

  


  Maybe as a side note, I could not get any other formats to work. Is "flv" the only option here ? Could I get more performance if I changed it to... what ?