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• Winamp and the March of GUI

  1er juillet 2012, par Multimedia Mike — General, ars technica, gui, user interface, winamp

  Ars Technica recently published a 15-year retrospective on the venerable Winamp multimedia player, prompting bouts of nostalgia and revelations of "Huh ? That program is still around ?" from many readers. I was among them.

  
  
  

  I remember first using Winamp in 1997. I remember finding a few of these new files called MP3s online and being able to play the first 20 seconds using the official Fraunhofer Windows player— full playback required the fully licensed version. Then I searched for another player and came up with Winamp. The first version I ever used was v1.05 in the summer of 1997. I remember checking the website often for updates and trying out every single one. I can’t imagine doing that nowadays— programs need to auto-update themselves (which Winamp probably does now ; I can’t recall the last time I used the program).

  Video Underdog
  The last time Winamp came up on my radar was early in 2003 when a new version came with support for a custom, proprietary multimedia audio/video format called Nullsoft Video (NSV). I remember the timeframe because the date is indicated in the earliest revision of my NSV spec document (back when I was maintaining such docs in a series of plaintext files). This was cobbled together from details I and others in the open source multimedia community sorted out from sample files. It was missing quite a few details, though.

  Then, Winamp founder Justin Frankel — introduced through a colleague on the xine team — emailed me his official NSV format and told me I was free to incorporate details into my document just as long as it wasn’t obvious that I had the official spec. This put me in an obnoxious position of trying to incorporate details which would have been very difficult to reverse engineer without the official doc. I think I coped with the situation by never really getting around to updating my doc in any meaningful way. Then, one day, the official spec was released to the world anyway, and it is now mirrored here at multimedia.cx.

  I don’t think the format ever really caught on in any meaningful way, so not a big deal. (Anytime I say that about a format, I always learn it saw huge adoption is some small but vocal community.)

  What’s Wrong With This Picture ?
  What I really wanted to discuss in this post was the matter of graphical user interfaces and how they have changed in the last 15 years.
  
  I still remember when I first downloaded Winamp v1.05 and tried it on my Windows machine at the time. Indignantly, the first thought I had was, "What makes this program think it’s so special that it’s allowed to violate the user interface conventions put forth by the rest of the desktop ?" All of the Windows programs followed a standard set of user interface patterns and had a consistent look and feel... and then Winamp came along and felt it could violate all those conventions.

  I guess I let the program get away with it because it was either that or only play 20-second clips from the unregistered Fraunhofer player. Though incredibly sterile by comparison, the Fraunhofer player, it should be noted, followed Windows UI guidelines to the letter.

  As the summer of 1997 progressed and more Winamp versions were released, eventually one came out (I think it was v1.6 or so) that supported skins. I was excited because there was a skin that made the program look like a proper Windows program— at least if you used the default Windows color scheme, and had all of your fonts a certain type and size.

  Skins were implemented by packaging together a set of BMP images to overlay on various UI elements. I immediately saw a number of shortcomings with this skinning approach. A big one was UI lock-in. Ironically, if you skin an app and wish to maintain backwards compatibility with the thousands of skins selflessly authored by your vibrant community (seriously, I couldn’t believe how prolific these things were), then you were effectively locked into the primary UI. Forget about adding a new button anywhere.

  Another big problem was resolution-independence. Basing your UI on static bitmaps doesn’t scale well with various resolutions. Winamp had its normal mode and it also had double-sized mode.

  Skins proliferated among many types of programs in the late 1990s. I always treasured this Suck.com (remember them ? that’s a whole other nostalgia trip) essay from April, 2000 entitled Skin Cancer. Still, Winamp was basically the standard, and the best, and I put away my righteous nerd rage and even dug through the vast troves of skins. I remember settling on Swankamp for a good part of 1998, probably due to the neo-swing revival at the time.

  
  
  

  Then again, if Winamp irked me, imagine my reaction when I was first exposed to the Sonique Music Player in 1998 :

  
  
  

  The New UI Order
  Upon reflection, I realize now that I had a really myopic view of what a computer GUI should be. I thought the GUIs were necessarily supposed to follow the WIMP (windows, icons, mouse, pointer) paradigm and couldn’t conceive of anything different. For a long time, I couldn’t envision a useful GUI on a small device (like a phone) because WIMP didn’t fit well on such a small interface (even though I saw various ill-fated attempts to make it work). This thinking seriously crippled me when I was trying to craft a GUI for a custom console media player I was developing as a hobby many years ago.

  I’m looking around at what I have open on my Windows 7 desktop right now. Google Chrome browser, Apple iTunes, Adobe Photoshop Elements, and VMware Player are 4 programs which all seem to have their own skins. Maybe Winamp doesn’t look so out of place these days.

• Hardware accelerated mjpeg encoding with ffmpeg

  10 avril 2021, par quarks

  I have this batch file that I need to convert videos into MJPEG but using Hardware acceleration on a machine with AMD GPU (Vega 8 and RX560X specifically)

  


  echo off
set arg1=%1
shift
ffmpeg -i %arg1% -vcodec mjpeg_vaapi -vf scale=min'(960,iw)':-1 -acodec pcm_s16le -ar 22050 -ac 2 -r 20 -q:v 5s -f avi %arg1%.mojo


  


  And I'm using ffmpeg version 4.4-full_build-www.gyan.dev Copyright (c) 2000-2021 the FFmpeg developers

  


  Running the batch throws Unknown encoder 'mjpeg_vaapi'

  


  Which ffmpeg version contains the MJPEG encoder that can encode with hardware acceleration ?

  


• ffmpeg issue after adding background audio

  9 avril 2021, par spicy

  So I have an issue to which I cannot find an answer. I have a video which is 7min 38sec long after concat. When I want to add background audio to this video it cuts off the last 7sec of the original video. I cannot find the reason.

  


  If anyone could help me in any way, it would be amazing because I have been troubleshooting this past 3 days.

  


  My FFmpeg version is ffmpeg version 4.2.3 Copyright (c) 2000-2020 the FFmpeg developers.

  


  For concat I use this : FFmpeg -f concat -safe 0 -i txtfile.txt -c copy -ac 2 output.mp4

  


  For adding background audio I use this : ffmpeg -i output.mp4 -i background.mp3 -c:v copy -filter_complex "[0:a]aformat=fltp:44100:stereo,apad[0a];[1]aformat=fltp:44100:stereo,volume=0.2[1a];[0a][1a]amerge[a]" -map 0:v -map "[a]" -ac 2 -shortest output_with_background.mp4

  


  And the console output while doing its stuff is :

  


  ffmpeg version 4.2.3 Copyright (c) 2000-2020 the FFmpeg developers
  built with gcc 9.3.1 (GCC) 20200523
  configuration: --enable-gpl --enable-version3 --enable-sdl2 --enable-fontconfig --enable-gnutls --enable-iconv --enable-libass --enable-libdav1d --enable-libbluray --enable-libfreetype --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopus --enable-libshine --enable-libsnappy --enable-libsoxr --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvpx --enable-libwavpack --enable-libwebp --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxml2 --enable-libzimg --enable-lzma --enable-zlib --enable-gmp --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvo-amrwbenc --enable-libmysofa --enable-libspeex --enable-libxvid --enable-libaom --enable-libmfx --enable-amf --enable-ffnvcodec --enable-cuvid --enable-d3d11va --enable-nvenc --enable-nvdec --enable-dxva2 --enable-avisynth --enable-libopenmpt
  libavutil      56. 31.100 / 56. 31.100
  libavcodec     58. 54.100 / 58. 54.100
  libavformat    58. 29.100 / 58. 29.100
  libavdevice    58.  8.100 / 58.  8.100
  libavfilter     7. 57.100 /  7. 57.100
  libswscale      5.  5.100 /  5.  5.100
  libswresample   3.  5.100 /  3.  5.100
  libpostproc    55.  5.100 / 55.  5.100
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0000024baee72440] Auto-inserting h264_mp4toannexb bitstream filter
Input #0, concat, from 'C:\Users\shooey\Desktop\junky\Content\07-04-2021\videos.txt':
  Duration: N/A, start: -0.023220, bitrate: 18916 kb/s
    Stream #0:0(und): Video: h264 (High) (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuv420p, 1920x1080 [SAR 1:1 DAR 16:9], 18861 kb/s, 30 fps, 30 tbr, 15360 tbn, 60 tbc
    Metadata:
      handler_name    : VideoHandler
    Stream #0:1(und): Audio: aac (LC) (mp4a / 0x6134706D), 44100 Hz, stereo, fltp, 54 kb/s
    Metadata:
      handler_name    : SoundHandler
File 'C:\Users\shooey\Desktop\junky\Content\07-04-2021\output.mp4' already exists. Overwrite ? [y/N] y
Output #0, mp4, to 'C:\Users\shooey\Desktop\junky\Content\07-04-2021\output.mp4':
  Metadata:
    encoder         : Lavf58.29.100
    Stream #0:0(und): Video: h264 (High) (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuv420p, 1920x1080 [SAR 1:1 DAR 16:9], q=2-31, 18861 kb/s, 30 fps, 30 tbr, 15360 tbn, 15360 tbc
    Metadata:
      handler_name    : VideoHandler
    Stream #0:1(und): Audio: aac (LC) (mp4a / 0x6134706D), 44100 Hz, stereo, fltp, 54 kb/s
    Metadata:
      handler_name    : SoundHandler
Stream mapping:
  Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (copy)
  Stream #0:1 -> #0:1 (copy)
Press [q] to stop, [?] for help
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0000024baee72440] Auto-inserting h264_mp4toannexb bitstream filter
    Last message repeated 5 times
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0000024baeeec180] Auto-inserting h264_mp4toannexb bitstream filter
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0000024baee72440] Auto-inserting h264_mp4toannexb bitstream filter
    Last message repeated 14 times
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0000024baee72440] Auto-inserting h264_mp4toannexb bitstream filter
    Last message repeated 20 times
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0000024baee72440] Auto-inserting h264_mp4toannexb bitstream filter
    Last message repeated 7 times
frame=   52 fps= 42 q=-1.0 Lsize=    7838kB time=00:07:38.82 bitrate= 139.9kbits/s speed= 374x
video:4802kB audio:2956kB subtitle:0kB other streams:0kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead: 1.044608%
ffmpeg version 4.2.3 Copyright (c) 2000-2020 the FFmpeg developers
  built with gcc 9.3.1 (GCC) 20200523
  configuration: --enable-gpl --enable-version3 --enable-sdl2 --enable-fontconfig --enable-gnutls --enable-iconv --enable-libass --enable-libdav1d --enable-libbluray --enable-libfreetype --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopus --enable-libshine --enable-libsnappy --enable-libsoxr --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvpx --enable-libwavpack --enable-libwebp --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxml2 --enable-libzimg --enable-lzma --enable-zlib --enable-gmp --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvo-amrwbenc --enable-libmysofa --enable-libspeex --enable-libxvid --enable-libaom --enable-libmfx --enable-amf --enable-ffnvcodec --enable-cuvid --enable-d3d11va --enable-nvenc --enable-nvdec --enable-dxva2 --enable-avisynth --enable-libopenmpt
  libavutil      56. 31.100 / 56. 31.100
  libavcodec     58. 54.100 / 58. 54.100
  libavformat    58. 29.100 / 58. 29.100
  libavdevice    58.  8.100 / 58.  8.100
  libavfilter     7. 57.100 /  7. 57.100
  libswscale      5.  5.100 /  5.  5.100
  libswresample   3.  5.100 /  3.  5.100
  libpostproc    55.  5.100 / 55.  5.100
Input #0, mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2, from 'C:\Users\shooey\Desktop\junky\Content\07-04-2021\output.mp4':
  Metadata:
    major_brand     : isom
    minor_version   : 512
    compatible_brands: isomiso2avc1mp41
    encoder         : Lavf58.29.100
  Duration: 00:07:38.85, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 139 kb/s
    Stream #0:0(und): Video: h264 (High) (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuv420p, 1920x1080 [SAR 1:1 DAR 16:9], 87 kb/s, 0.12 fps, 30 tbr, 15360 tbn, 60 tbc (default)
    Metadata:
      handler_name    : VideoHandler
    Stream #0:1(und): Audio: aac (LC) (mp4a / 0x6134706D), 44100 Hz, stereo, fltp, 52 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      handler_name    : SoundHandler
Input #1, mp3, from 'C:\Users\shooey\Desktop\junky\Content\assets\background.mp3':
  Metadata:
    major_brand     : dash
    Software        : Lavf57.56.101
    minor_version   : 0
    compatible_brands: iso6mp41
  Duration: 00:20:03.02, start: 0.025057, bitrate: 167 kb/s
    Stream #1:0: Audio: mp3, 44100 Hz, stereo, fltp, 167 kb/s
    Metadata:
      encoder         : LAME3.100
File 'C:\Users\shooey\Desktop\junky\Content\07-04-2021\output_bckg.mp4' already exists. Overwrite ? [y/N] y
Stream mapping:
  Stream #0:1 (aac) -> aformat
  Stream #1:0 (mp3float) -> aformat
  Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (copy)
  amerge -> Stream #0:1 (aac)
Press [q] to stop, [?] for help
[Parsed_amerge_4 @ 0000017093965c80] No channel layout for input 1
[Parsed_amerge_4 @ 0000017093965c80] Input channel layouts overlap: output layout will be determined by the number of distinct input channels
Output #0, mp4, to 'C:\Users\shooey\Desktop\junky\Content\07-04-2021\output_bckg.mp4':
  Metadata:
    major_brand     : isom
    minor_version   : 512
    compatible_brands: isomiso2avc1mp41
    encoder         : Lavf58.29.100
    Stream #0:0(und): Video: h264 (High) (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuv420p, 1920x1080 [SAR 1:1 DAR 16:9], q=2-31, 87 kb/s, 0.12 fps, 30 tbr, 15360 tbn, 15360 tbc (default)
    Metadata:
      handler_name    : VideoHandler
    Stream #0:1: Audio: aac (LC) (mp4a / 0x6134706D), 44100 Hz, stereo, fltp, 128 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      encoder         : Lavc58.54.100 aac
frame=   52 fps=5.5 q=-1.0 Lsize=   11993kB time=00:07:31.67 bitrate= 217.5kbits/s speed=  48x
video:4802kB audio:7111kB subtitle:0kB other streams:0kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead: 0.670061%
[aac @ 00000170935b4980] Qavg: 319.394